ReviewJournal of medical genetics1999
Genetics of bipolar disorder.
Review in Journal of medical genetics, 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 112 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
112 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Epigenetic signatures relating to disease-associated genotypic burden in familial risk of bipolar disorder.Translational psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- The Role of the Gut Microbiota in the Development and Progression of Major Depressive and Bipolar Disorder.Nutrients · 2021Pooled it
- Mental health dished up-the use of iPSC models in neuropsychiatric research.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2020Pooled it
- Common variants at 2q11.2, 8q21.3, and 11q13.2 are associated with major mood disorders.Translational psychiatry · 2017Pooled it
- Neurocognitive functioning in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder and unaffected relatives: A review of the literature.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2016Pooled it
- Association between brain-derived neurotrophic factor genetic polymorphism Val66Met and susceptibility to bipolar disorder: a meta-analysis.BMC psychiatry · 2014Pooled it
- Genome scan meta-analysis of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, part III: Bipolar disorder.American journal of human genetics · 2003Pooled it
- Trans-ancestry genome-wide analyses of bipolar disorder in East Asian and European populations improve genetic discovery.Nature neuroscience · 2026Article
- New Genomics Discoveries Across the Bipolar Disorder Spectrum Implicate Neurobiological and Developmental Pathways.Biological psychiatry · 2025Review
- Independent inheritance of cognition and bipolar disorder in a family sample.American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics · 2025Article
- Review
- Relationship between Polygenic Risk Score and the Hypnotics in Bipolar I Disorder.Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2024Article
- Progress and Implications from Genetic Studies of Bipolar Disorder.Neuroscience bulletin · 2024Review
- Factors that influence participation in physical activity for people with bipolar disorder: a synthesis of qualitative evidence.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Review
- Review
- Intra-Atlas Node Size Effects on Graph Metrics in fMRI Data: Implications for Alzheimer's Disease and Cognitive Impairment.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Has Anything Changed in the Frequency of Emergency Department Visits and the Profile of the Adolescent Seeking Emergency Mental Care during the COVID-19 Pandemic?Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Clinical Value of Inflammatory and Neurotrophic Biomarkers in Bipolar Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- White matter predictors of worsening of subthreshold hypomania severity in non-bipolar young adults parallel abnormalities in individuals with bipolar disorder.Journal of affective disorders · 2022Article
- Resting-state functional connectivity graph-properties correlate with bipolar disorder-risk in young medication-free depressed subjects: Bipolar-risk Resting State Functional Connectivity in Major Depression.Journal of affective disorders · 2022Article
52 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (also known as manic depressive illness) is a complex genetic disorder in which the core feature is pathological disturbance in mood (affect) ranging from extreme elation, or mania, to severe depression usually accompanied by disturbances in thinking and behaviour. The lifetime prevalence of 1% is similar in males and females and family, twin, and adoption studies provide robust evidence for a major genetic contribution to risk. There are methodological impediments to precise quantification, but the approximate lifetime risk of bipolar disorder in relatives of a bipolar proband are: monozygotic co-twin 40-70%; first degree relative 5-10%; unrelated person 0.5-1.5%. Occasional families may exist in which a single gene plays the major role in determining susceptibility, but the majority of bipolar disorder involves the interaction of multiple genes (epistasis) or more complex genetic mechanisms (such as dynamic mutation or imprinting). Molecular genetic positional and candidate gene approaches are being used for the genetic dissection of bipolar disorder. No gene has yet been identified but promising findings are emerging. Regions of interest identified in linkage studies include 4p16, 12q23-q24, 16p13, 21q22, and Xq24-q26. Chromosome 18 is also of interest but the findings are confusing with up to three possible regions implicated. To date most candidate gene studies have focused on neurotransmitter systems influenced by medication used in clinical management of the disorder but no robust positive findings have yet emerged. It is, however, almost certain that over the next few years bipolar susceptibility genes will be identified. This will have a major impact on our understanding of disease pathophysiology and will provide important opportunities to investigate the interaction between genetic and environmental factors involved in pathogenesis. This is likely to lead to major improvements in treatment and patient care but will also raise important ethical issues that will need to be addressed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.