ReviewThe American journal of clinical nutrition2000
Obesity and pregnancy: complications and cost.
Review in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2000. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01273584 (Does Metformin Improve Pregnancy Outcomes), which is not on this map. Cited by 132 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Does Metformin Improve Pregnancy Outcomes (Incidence of LGA (≥90% Birth Weight Centile) Babies, Onset of Maternal GDM, Hypertension, PET, Macrosomia, Shoulder Dystocia, Admission to SCBU) in Obese Non-diabetic Women?
Open the trial in the graphWho cites it
132 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 558 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative Meta-analysis of Adipose Tissue Transcriptomics Data in PCOS Patients and Healthy Control Women.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2023Pooled it
- Maternal obesity and occurrence of fetal macrosomia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BioMed research international · 2014Pooled it
- Obstetric complications in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E · 2013Pooled it
- A systematic review of maternal obesity and breastfeeding intention, initiation and duration.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2007Pooled it
- Risk factors for adverse perinatal outcomes in imprisoned pregnant women: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2005Pooled it
- Mediterranean-style diet in pregnant women with metabolic risk factors (ESTEEM): A pragmatic multicentre randomised trial.PLoS medicine · 2019Trial
- Effects of overfeeding and high-fat diet on cardiosomatic parameters and cardiac structures in young and adult zebrafish.Fish physiology and biochemistry · 2017Trial
- Benefit of Delayed Fertility Therapy With Preconception Weight Loss Over Immediate Therapy in Obese Women With PCOS.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2016Trial
- Breastfeeding initiation: impact of obesity in a large Canadian perinatal cohort study.PloS one · 2015Trial
- Healthy eating and lifestyle in pregnancy (HELP): a protocol for a cluster randomised trial to evaluate the effectiveness of a weight management intervention in pregnancy.BMC public health · 2014Trial
- The relationship of objectively measured physical activity and sedentary behaviour with gestational weight gain and birth weight.Journal of pregnancy · 2014Trial
- Primary prevention of gestational diabetes for women who are overweight and obese: a randomised controlled trial.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2013Trial
- Trial
- Health care costs associated with gestational diabetes mellitus among high-risk women--results from a randomised trial.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2012Trial
- Cost-effectiveness of an exercise program during pregnancy to prevent gestational diabetes: results of an economic evaluation alongside a randomised controlled trial.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2012Trial
- Limiting weight gain in overweight and obese women during pregnancy to improve health outcomes: the LIMIT randomised controlled trial.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2011Trial
- Supporting postpartum weight loss in women living in deprived communities: design implications for a randomised control trial.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2011Trial
- Continuity of midwifery care and gestational weight gain in obese women: a randomised controlled trial.BMC public health · 2011Trial
- Semaglutide Induces Oxidative Stress and Differentially Modulates mTOR-Dependent Growth and Invasion in Human Trophoblast Cell Models: Implications for Placental Function.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- Comparative machine learning models for early prediction of preterm birth from maternal serum biomarkers.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
72 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity is currently rising in developed countries, making pregravid overweight one of the most common high-risk obstetric situations. Although the designs and populations of published studies vary widely, most authors agree that pregravid overweight increases maternal and fetal morbidity. Even moderate overweight is a risk factor for gestational diabetes and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and the risk is higher in subjects with overt obesity. Compared with normal weight, maternal overweight is related to a higher risk of cesarean deliveries and a higher incidence of anesthetic and postoperative complications in these deliveries. Low Apgar scores, macrosomia, and neural tube defects are more frequent in infants of obese mothers than in infants of normal-weight mothers. The regional distribution of fat modulates the effects of weight on carbohydrate tolerance, hemodynamic adaptation, and fetal size. Maternal obesity increases perinatal mortality. Long-term complications include worsening of maternal obesity and development of obesity in the infant. The average cost of hospital prenatal and postnatal care is higher for overweight mothers than for normal-weight mothers, and infants of overweight mothers require admission to neonatal intensive care units more often than do infants of normal-weight mothers. Preconception counseling, careful prenatal management, tight monitoring of weight gain, and long-term follow-up could minimize the social and economic consequences of pregnancies in overweight women.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.