Trial reportBritish journal of clinical pharmacology2000
Effect of altered gastric emptying and gastrointestinal motility on metformin absorption.
Trial report in British journal of clinical pharmacology, 2000. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04943692 (Efficacy and Safety of Metformin Glycinate Compared to Metformin Hydrochloride on the Progression of Type 2 Diabetes), which is not on this map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Efficacy and Safety of Metformin Glycinate Compared to Metformin Hydrochloride on the Progression of Type 2 Diabetes
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed.
- Bioequivalence and Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of Two Metformin Hydrochloride Tablets Under Fasting and Fed Conditions in Healthy Chinese Volunteers.European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Population and Noncompartmental Pharmacokinetics of Sodium Oxybate Support Weight-Based Dosing in Children and Adolescents With Narcolepsy With Cataplexy.Clinical and translational science · 2020Trial
- Effects of Pregnancy on the Pharmacokinetics of Metformin.Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals · 2020 · on this mapTrial
- Effect of Oral Semaglutide on the Pharmacokinetics of Lisinopril, Warfarin, Digoxin, and Metformin in Healthy Subjects.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2019 · on this mapTrial
- Trial
- Effect of Semaglutide on the Pharmacokinetics of Metformin, Warfarin, Atorvastatin and Digoxin in Healthy Subjects.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2017 · on this mapTrial
- Limited sampling strategy for determining metformin area under the plasma concentration-time curve.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2016Trial
- Steady-state pharmacokinetics of a novel extended-release metformin formulation.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2005Trial
- Advanced oral drug delivery systems: Current challenges and emerging technologies.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- Advancements and Challenges in Gastroretentive Drug Delivery Systems: A Comprehensive Review of Research Innovation, Technologies, and Clinical Applications.Recent advances in drug delivery and formulation · 2026Review
- Population pharmacokinetic analysis of zastaprazan (JP-1366), a novel potassium-competitive acid blocker, in patients and healthy volunteers.CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · 2024Article
- The Use of Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Analyses-in Biopharmaceutics Applications -Regulatory and Industry Perspectives.Pharmaceutical research · 2022Review
- The effect of additional acarbose on metformin-associated artificially highActa diabetologica · 2022Article
- Inhibition of Methamphetamine-Induced Cytotoxicity in the U87-Cell Line by Atorvastatin-Conjugated Carbon Nanotubes.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2022Article
- Optimized In Silico Modeling of Drug Absorption after Gastric Bypass: The Case of Metformin.Pharmaceutics · 2021Article
- Article
- Serial Measurements of Refractive Index, Glucose and Protein to Assess Gastric Liquid Nutrient Transport-A Proof-of-Principal Study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2021Article
- Fabrication of Second Generation Smarter PLGA Based Nanocrystal Carriers for Improvement of Drug Delivery and Therapeutic Efficacy of Gliclazide in Type-2 Diabetes Rat Model.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modelling and Prediction of Metformin Pharmacokinetics in Renal/Hepatic-Impaired Young Adults and Elderly Populations.European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimsThe purpose of this in vivo human study was to assess the effect of altered gastric emptying and gastrointestinal motility on the absorption of metformin in healthy subjects.
methodsAn open-label, three treatment, three period crossover study was conducted in 11 healthy volunteers. Each subject received 550 mg metformin hydrochloride in solution alone; 5 min after a 10 mg i.v. dose of metoclopramide; and 30 min after a 30 mg oral dose of propantheline. Metformin solution was radiolabeled by the addition of 99mTc-DTPA. The gastrointestinal transit of the solution was monitored by gamma scintigraphy and the pharmacokinetic data were correlated with the scintigraphic findings.
resultsScintigraphic data indicated that pretreatment with metoclopramide decreased gastric emptying time and increased gastrointestinal motility while pretreatment with propantheline had the opposite effect. The systemic disposition of metformin was not altered by pretreatment with metoclopramide and propantheline, as judged by unchanged renal clearance and elimination half-life of metformin. Extent of metformin absorption was essentially unchanged after pretreatment with metoclopramide. However, AUC(0,infinity) and % UR (percent dose excreted unchanged in urine) generally increased with increase in gastric emptying time and small intestinal transit times. GI overlay plots showed that the absorption phase of metformin plasma profile always coincided with gastric emptying and the beginning of decline of metformin plasma concentrations was usually associated with the colon arrival. Only in cases where the intestinal transit was drastically prolonged by propantheline pretreatment, was a decline in plasma levels observed prior to colon arrival.
conclusionsMetformin is primarily absorbed from the small intestine. The extent of metformin absorption is improved when the gastrointestinal motility is slowed. These findings have significant implications in the design of a metformin modified release dosage form.
Indexed as
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.