Trial reportThe New England journal of medicine2001
Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus by changes in lifestyle among subjects with impaired glucose tolerance.
Trial report in The New England journal of medicine, 2001. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 26 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 2,923 papers, 16 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effect of Linagliptin + Metformin vs Metformin Alone on the Role of Pancreatic Islet Function, Insulin Resistance and Markers of Cardiovascular Risk in Patients With Prediabetes: Randomized Clinical Trial
Effect of a Quadruple Therapy on Pancreatic Islet Function, Insulin Resistance and Cardiovascular Function in Patients With Mixed Prediabetes and Obesity: Randomized Clinical Trial
A Prospective, Randomized, Parallel-group, Adaptive Design Phase IIb/III, Multicenter Study, to Assess the Efficacy of Polychemotherapy for Inducing Remission of Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes.
Effect of Metformin on Healthy Live Birth After In-vitro Fertilization in Women With Prediabetes Mellitus: a Multicenter Double-blind Placebo Controlled Randomized Trial
Effectiveness Study of a Lifestyle Intervention Versus Metformin in Mothers With Recent Gestational Diabetes
Evaluation of Rosiglitazone in Reversing Metabolic Defects of Pre-Diabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Prevention of Hypertension Incidence and Diabetes Italian Assessment Study. Therapeutic Strategies of Prevention of Diabetes and Hypertension in Subjects With Metabolic Syndrome and High-Normal Blood Pressure.
Diet, Exercise and Breastfeeding Intervention (DEBI) Program for Women With Gestational Diabetes
The Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study: A Follow-up Study on the Effect of a Dietary and Exercise Intervention in the Prevention of Diabetes and Its Vascular Complications
Virtual Translation of Diabetes Prevention to Primary Care: A Pilot Study
Collaborations for Health Improvement in East Harlem-Project HEED
A Community-based Lifestyle Intervention to Reduce the Risk of Diabetes in Qingdao, China----Qingdao Diabetes Prevention Project (2005-2012)
Effects of Exercise Behavior Modification on Plasma Adiponectin and Insulin Resistance in High Risk Subjects of Diabetes
"Hjerteloeftet". Early Interventions to Promote Physical Activity, Dietary Lifestyle Changes and Optimal Medication for Cardiovascular Risk Factor Reduction in Over 3 Years Follow-up.
Identification of Novel Skeletal Muscle-derived Factors That Promote Lipid Oxidation in Both Skeletal Muscle and Adipose Tissue
Personalizing Sleep Interventions to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes in Community Dwelling Adults With Pre-Diabetes
Fit-One: A Randomized Waitlist Controlled Trial Evaluating the Effect of One Drop and Fitbit on Diabetes and Pre-diabetes Outcomes
The Impact of Consumption of Eggs in the Context of Plant-Based Diets on
Incidence of Complications of Peripheral Venous Access in the Type 2 Diabetic Population. Analysis of Risk Factors and Comparative Study of Two Peripheral Devices
Improving Cognitive-Behavioral and Cardio-Metabolic Health Through Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM)
Testing the Effectiveness of Different Messaging Approaches to Increase Doctor Visits to Confirm or Exclude a Diagnosis of Prediabetes or Diabetes Amongst Individuals With Risk Factors for Diabetes: A Randomised, Controlled Trial
Extreme Exercise and Energy Expenditure (4E) Study
Abdominal Obesity as a Therapeutic Target: Long-term Benefits of Abdominal Fat Loss and Weight Stabilization in High-risk Abdominally Obese Dyslipidemic Patients With the Features of the Metabolic Syndrome (SYNERGIE Study)
Pilot Study on Fasting-Mimicking Diet in Asian Americans With Prediabetes
Da Qing Offspring Study
PASO A PASO Pilot Study: Tailored Diabetes Prevention Program for Spanish-Speaking Communities Feasibility Study
Who cites it
2,923 citing papers in PubMed, 16 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 10,897 citations in OpenAlex.
- Safety and Metabolism-Related Outcomes of Oral Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Supplementation in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2026Pooled it
- 2026 AHA/ACC/ADA/ASN Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2026Guideline
- Adipocyte Size, Overweight, and Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and the Impact of Weight Loss: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2026Pooled it
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of RCTs Assessing Efficacy of Lifestyle Interventions on Glycemic Control in South Asian Adults with Type 2 Diabetes.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Pooled it
- Intervening Early in the Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome: Expert Recommendations from the United Arab Emirates on the Management of Prediabetes.Vascular health and risk management · 2026Guideline
- Effect of Periodontal Treatment on Metabolic Syndrome Parameters: A Systematic Review.Oral diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Digital Health Interventions to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Systematic Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Pooled it
- Primary Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the European Union: A Systematic Review of Interventional Studies.Nutrients · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Effectiveness of Different Intervention Modes in Lifestyle Intervention for the Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes and the Reversion to Normoglycemia in Adults With Prediabetes: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Pooled it
- Comparative effectiveness of different exercise modality on glycaemic control and lipid profile for prediabetes: systematic review and network meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Pooled it
- Optimal dosage and modality of exercise on glycemic control in people with prediabetes: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- [Cardiovascular preventive recommendations. PAPPS 2024 thematic updates].Atencion primaria · 2024Guideline
- Efficacy of lifestyle weight loss interventions on regression to normoglycemia and progression to type 2 diabetes in individuals with prediabetes: a systematic review and pairwise and dose-response meta-analyses.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2024Pooled it
- Lifestyle intervention reduces type 2 diabetes incidence among young women with previous gestational diabetes: A randomized controlled trial.Chinese medical journal · 2026Trial
- Influence of Social Determinants of Health on Adherence to Lifestyle Modifications in Individuals With Prediabetes: A Mixed Methods Study.Journal of advanced nursing · 2026Trial
- A 4-week community-implemented diabetes prevention program is associated with improved metabolic outcomes at 12 months after participation.Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2026Trial
- Lifestyle-Induced Visceral Fat Loss as a Key Target for Durable Cardiometabolic Health: MRI-Assessed 5- and 10-Year Follow-Up After 2 Clinical Trials.Circulation · 2026Trial
2,863 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundType 2 diabetes mellitus is increasingly common, primarily because of increases in the prevalence of a sedentary lifestyle and obesity. Whether type 2 diabetes can be prevented by interventions that affect the lifestyles of subjects at high risk for the disease is not known.
methodsWe randomly assigned 522 middle-aged, overweight subjects (172 men and 350 women; mean age, 55 years; mean body-mass index [weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters], 31) with impaired glucose tolerance to either the intervention group or the control group. Each subject in the intervention group received individualized counseling aimed at reducing weight, total intake of fat, and intake of saturated fat and increasing intake of fiber and physical activity. An oral glucose-tolerance test was performed annually; the diagnosis of diabetes was confirmed by a second test. The mean duration of follow-up was 3.2 years.
resultsThe mean (+/-SD) amount of weight lost between base line and the end of year 1 was 4.2+/-5.1 kg in the intervention group and 0.8+/-3.7 kg in the control group; the net loss by the end of year 2 was 3.5+/-5.5 kg in the intervention group and 0.8+/-4.4 kg in the control group (P<0.001 for both comparisons between the groups). The cumulative incidence of diabetes after four years was 11 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 6 to 15 percent) in the intervention group and 23 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 17 to 29 percent) in the control group. During the trial, the risk of diabetes was reduced by 58 percent (P<0.001) in the intervention group. The reduction in the incidence of diabetes was directly associated with changes in lifestyle.
conclusionsType 2 diabetes can be prevented by changes in the lifestyles of high-risk subjects.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.