Evidence mapPaperPMID 11953758Full record

ArticleSaudi medical journal2002

History of diabetes mellitus.

Awad M Ahmed

Registry-linked trialOpen access · bronzeAbstract readHistorical Article
PubMed
In one paragraph

Article in Saudi medical journal, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07452913 (Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Metformin-Empagliflozin-Sitagliptin vs. Metformin-Empagliflozin-Linagliptin as Initial Triple Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus), which is not on this map. Cited by 53 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
53citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
1.5field-weighted citation impact, top 19% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07452913 phase4enrolling by invitationstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Metformin-Empagliflozin-Sitagliptin vs. Metformin-Empagliflozin-Linagliptin as Initial Triple Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Ran2026Enrolled110Registered outcomes5Posted comparisons0ConditionsType 2 Diabetes MellitusArmsMetformin + Empagliflozin + Linagliptin, Metformin+ Empagliflozin + Sitagliptin
Open the trial in the graph
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

53 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 144 citations in OpenAlex.

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  20. Big data and machine learning to tackle diabetes management.European journal of clinical investigation · 2023
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.

Awad M AhmedFaculty of Medicine, University of Bahr Elghazal, PO Box 102, Khartoum, Sudan. awad_sd@hotmail.com
Jeju National University Hospital · KR

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Clinical features similar to diabetes mellitus were described 3000 years ago by the ancient Egyptians. The term "diabetes" was first coined by Araetus of Cappodocia (81-133AD). Later, the word mellitus (honey sweet) was added by Thomas Willis (Britain) in 1675 after rediscovering the sweetness of urine and blood of patients (first noticed by the ancient Indians). It was only in 1776 that Dobson (Britain) firstly confirmed the presence of excess sugar in urine and blood as a cause of their sweetness. In modern time, the history of diabetes coincided with the emergence of experimental medicine. An important milestone in the history of diabetes is the establishment of the role of the liver in glycogenesis, and the concept that diabetes is due to excess glucose production Claude Bernard (France) in 1857. The role of the pancreas in pathogenesis of diabetes was discovered by Mering and Minkowski (Austria) 1889. Later, this discovery constituted the basis of insulin isolation and clinical use by Banting and Best (Canada) in 1921. Trials to prepare an orally administrated hypoglycemic agent ended successfully by first marketing of tolbutamide and carbutamide in 1955. This report will also discuss the history of dietary management and acute and chronic complications of diabetes.

Indexed as

Diabetes MellitusHistory, 17th CenturyHistory, 18th CenturyHistory, 19th CenturyHistory, 20th CenturyHistory, AncientHumans

Identifiers

PMID11953758
OpenAlexW1540831188

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.