ArticleCirculation2003
Mitral annular calcification predicts cardiovascular morbidity and mortality: the Framingham Heart Study.
Article in Circulation, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06865885 (Study of Optimal LDL-C Value Enhancement With Inclisiran in Patients With Multiple Comorbidities in Which There Are Drug-Drug Interactions Limiting LDL-C Lowering), which is not on this map. Cited by 175 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Study of Optimal LDL-C Value Enhancement With Inclisiran in Patients With Multiple Comorbidities in Which There Are Drug-Drug Interactions Limiting LDL-C Lowering
Who cites it
175 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 460 citations in OpenAlex.
- Surgical and Transcatheter Mitral Valve Replacement in Mitral Annular Calcification: A Systematic Review.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Echocardiographic Predictors of Sudden Cardiac Death: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study and Cardiovascular Health Study.Circulation. Cardiovascular imaging · 2016Pooled it
- Genetic associations with valvular calcification and aortic stenosis.The New England journal of medicine · 2013Pooled it
- Vascular calcifications as a marker of increased cardiovascular risk: a meta-analysis.Vascular health and risk management · 2009Pooled it
- Association of Triglyceride-Related Genetic Variants With Mitral Annular Calcification.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2017Trial
- Cardiac calcium score on 2D echo: correlations with cardiac and coronary calcium at multi-detector computed tomography.Cardiovascular ultrasound · 2014Trial
- Simultaneous TAVR and TMVR-in-MAC guided by 3D modelling and prosthesis modification: a case report.European heart journal. Case reports · 2026Article
- Beyond the Coronaries: Utility of Extra-Coronary Calcification for Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in Women.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2026Review
- Outcomes of transatrial transcatheter mitral valve replacement with a balloon-expandable valve for severe mitral annular calcification.JTCVS techniques · 2026Article
- Prognostic Impact of Qualitative and Quantitative Mitral Valve Calcification in Transapical Transcatheter Mitral Valve Replacement: A Sub-Analysis of the TENDER Registry.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Minimally Invasive Trans-atrial Mitral Valve Replacement Using a Balloon-expandable Transcatheter Valve in the Setting of Severe Mitral Annular Calcification.Cardiovascular drugs and therapy · 2026Article
- Pearls and pitfalls in the diagnosis and management of mitral annular calcification.Heart (British Cardiac Society) · 2026Article
- Precision hybrid technique for direct SAPIEN-3 ultra™ implantation in extensive mitral annular calcification.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- The association of epicardial adipose tissue thickness and human neutrophil lipocalin with mitral annular calcification.American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice · 2026Article
- Outcomes After Transcatheter Mitral Valve Replacement in Valve in Valve, Valve in Ring, and Mitral Annular Calcification.Journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography & Interventions · 2025Article
- Use of balloon-expandable valves for the surgical treatment of mitral valve disease in the setting of severe mitral annular calcification.JTCVS structural and endovascular · 2025Article
- Transcatheter mitral valve options for severe mitral annular calcification.Annals of cardiothoracic surgery · 2025Review
- Tips and tricks in addressing mitral annular calcification in mitral valve surgery.Annals of cardiothoracic surgery · 2025Review
- Early and late outcomes of mitral valve surgery in the setting of mitral annular calcification: a systematic review with narrative synthesis.Annals of cardiothoracic surgery · 2025Article
115 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMitral annular calcification (MAC) has been associated with stroke in longitudinal, community-based cohorts and cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes in many small retrospective studies. Prospective data are limited on the relation of MAC with CVD morbidity and mortality. METHODS AND
resultsWe examined the association between MAC assessed by M-mode echocardiography and the incidence of CVD, CVD death, and all-cause death over 16 years of follow-up in the Framingham Heart Study subjects who attended a routine examination between 1979 and 1981. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) associated with the presence of MAC for each outcome. Of 1197(445 male, 752 female) subjects who had adequate echocardiographic assessment, 14% had MAC. There were 307 incident CVD events and 621 deaths. In multivariable adjusted analyses, MAC was associated with an increased risk of incident CVD (HR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.1, 2.0), CVD death (HR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.1, 2.3), and all-cause death (HR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.04, 1.6). For each 1-mm increase in MAC, the risk of incident CVD, CVD death, and all-cause death increased by approximately 10%.
conclusionsThe independent association of MAC with incident CVD and CVD death underscores that cardiac calcification is a marker of increased CVD risk.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.