ReviewDrugs2003
Metformin: new understandings, new uses.
Review in Drugs, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 104 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Double-blind, Randomized Clinical Trial to Evaluate Effect of Combination Therapy of Metformin and Sibutramine Versus Metformin or Sibutramine Monotherapy Over Weight, Adiposity, Glucose Metabolism and Inflammatory State in Obese Patients
Gut-Brain-axis: Targets for Improvement of Cognition in the Elderly
Who cites it
104 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 307 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pharmacological interventions for prevention of weight gain in people with schizophrenia.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Metformin versus the combined oral contraceptive pill for hirsutism, acne, and menstrual pattern in polycystic ovary syndrome.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Effects of metformin and thiazolidinediones on suppression of hepatic glucose production and stimulation of glucose uptake in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review.Diabetologia · 2006Pooled it
- Twenty-Four Week, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Metformin for Antipsychotic-Induced Weight Gain in Patients with First-Episode Psychosis: A Pilot Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Trial
- Bioequivalence of Metformin in Ertugliflozin/Metformin Fixed-Dose Combination Tablets to Canadian-Sourced Metformin Coadministered With Ertugliflozin Under Fasted and Fed States.Clinical pharmacology in drug development · 2021Trial
- A PK/PD study comparing twice-daily to once-daily dosing regimens of ertugliflozin in healthy subjects .International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2019Trial
- Assessment of the Drug Interaction Potential of Ertugliflozin With Sitagliptin, Metformin, Glimepiride, or Simvastatin in Healthy Subjects.Clinical pharmacology in drug development · 2019Trial
- Effects of metformin extended release compared to immediate release formula on glycemic control and glycemic variability in patients with type 2 diabetes.Drug design, development and therapy · 2017Trial
- Glucose Control in Severely Burned Patients Using Metformin: An Interim Safety and Efficacy Analysis of a Phase II Randomized Controlled Trial.Annals of surgery · 2016Trial
- Randomized clinical trial of the safety and efficacy of sitagliptin and metformin co-administered to Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2016 · on this mapTrial
- Effect of adjunct metformin treatment in patients with type-1 diabetes and persistent inadequate glycaemic control. A randomized study.PloS one · 2008Trial
- The influence of age on the effects of lifestyle modification and metformin in prevention of diabetes.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2006 · on this mapTrial
- SPANXB1 drives brain metastasis in breast cancer via MMP1 regulation: potential therapeutic insights with metformin.Cell death discovery · 2025Article
- Oral Active Carbon Quantum Dots for Diabetes.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Unraveling the Evolutionary Diet Mismatch and Its Contribution to the Deterioration of Body Composition.Metabolites · 2024Review
- Effect of Applying 1% Metformin on Guided Bone Regeneration Processes with Bovine-Derived Xenografts.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- View on Metformin: Antidiabetic and Pleiotropic Effects, Pharmacokinetics, Side Effects, and Sex-Related Differences.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Proteomic Profiling Identifies Distinct Regulation of Proteins in Obese Diabetic Patients Treated with Metformin.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Metformin and Aspirin: Anticancer effects on A549 and PC3 cancer cells and the mechanisms of action.Toxicology research · 2023Article
44 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Metformin, a biguanide, has been available in the US for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus for nearly 8 years. Over this period of time, it has become the most widely prescribed antihyperglycaemic agent. Its mechanism of action involves the suppression of endogenous glucose production, primarily by the liver. Whether the drug actually has an insulin sensitising effect in peripheral tissues, such as muscle and fat, remains somewhat controversial. Nonetheless, because insulin levels decline with metformin use, it has been termed an 'insulin sensitiser'. Metformin has also been shown to have several beneficial effects on cardiovascular risk factors and it is the only oral antihyperglycaemic agent thus far associated with decreased macrovascular outcomes in patients with diabetes. Cardiovascular disease, impaired glucose tolerance and the polycystic ovary syndrome are now recognised as complications of the insulin resistance syndrome, and there is growing interest in the management of this extraordinarily common metabolic disorder. While diet and exercise remain the cornerstone of therapy for insulin resistance, pharmacological intervention is becoming an increasingly viable option. We review the role of metformin in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes and describe the additional benefits it provides over and above its effect on glucose levels alone. We also discuss its potential role for a variety of insulin resistant and prediabetic states, including impaired glucose tolerance, obesity, polycystic ovary syndrome and the metabolic abnormalities associated with HIV disease.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.