ReviewDiabetes & metabolism2003
Metformin inhibition of glycation processes.
Review in Diabetes & metabolism, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04943692 (Efficacy and Safety of Metformin Glycinate Compared to Metformin Hydrochloride on the Progression of Type 2 Diabetes), which is not on this map. Cited by 60 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Efficacy and Safety of Metformin Glycinate Compared to Metformin Hydrochloride on the Progression of Type 2 Diabetes
Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 184 citations in OpenAlex.
- Metformin Use Associated with Reduced Risk of Dementia in Patients with Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2018 · on this mapPooled it
- The association between sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and incident dementia: A nationwide population-based longitudinal cohort study.Diabetes & vascular disease researchTrial
- Metformin Protects Human Insulin from Fructosylation: AnCurrent medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
- Long-lasting and fast methylglyoxal-scavenging peptide CycK(Myr)RPain reports · 2025Article
- Exploring Glyoxalase Strategies for Managing Sugar-Induced Chronic Diseases.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The Role of Natural Low Molecular Weight Dicarbonyls in Atherogenesis and Diabetogenesis.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Review
- Synthesis of 1,3,5-Triazepines and Benzo[Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- The Role of Hypoxia on the Trimethylation of H3K27 in Podocytes.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- LC-MS Profiling of Kakkonto and Identification of Ephedrine as a Key Component for Its Anti-Glycation Activity.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Protective Effects of Rifampicin and Its Analog Rifampicin Quinone in a Mouse Model of Obesity-Induced Type 2 Diabetes.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2023Article
- Aspalathin and Other Rooibos Flavonoids Trapped α-Dicarbonyls and Inhibited Formation of Advanced Glycation End Products In Vitro.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Comparative Evaluation of the Antiglycation and Anti-α-Glucosidase Activities of Baicalein, Baicalin (Baicalein 7-Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- Review
- Dicarbonyl-Dependent Modification of LDL as a Key Factor of Endothelial Dysfunction and Atherosclerotic Vascular Wall Damage.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Heterocyclic compounds as a magic bullet for diabetes mellitus: a review.RSC advances · 2022Review
- How Diabetes and Other Comorbidities of Elderly Patients and Their Treatment Influence Levels of Glycation Products.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Antioxidant and Antiglycation Effects ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Advanced Glycation End Products and Diabetes Mellitus: Mechanisms and Perspectives.Biomolecules · 2022Review
- Dysmetabolism and Neurodegeneration: Trick or Treat?Nutrients · 2022Review
- Effects of metformin on human bone-derived mesenchymal stromal cell-breast cancer cell line interactions.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A number of studies have shown that metformin is beneficial in reducing diabetes associated vascular risk beyond the benefits expected from its antihyperglycaemic effect. One of the main pathogenic mechanisms leading to chronic complications of diabetes is non-enzymatic glycation where damage is mediated through increased production of highly chemically reactive glucose and alpha-dicarbonyl compounds which lead to production of advanced glycation products (AGEs). We present laboratory and clinical data supporting the hypothesis that one important explanation of metformin's effect on diabetic complications could be its ability to reduce toxic dicarbonyls and AGEs. This effect could be related either to the binding of the alpha-dicarbonyls, methylglyoxal (MG) or 3-deoxyglucosone, or to an increase in enzymatic detoxification. Our studies presented in this manuscript document extracellular binding of MG by metformin to form a specific product (triazepinone) in vivo. This condensation product appears to be only one of several inactive end products resulting from this chemical reaction and we discuss the possibility that these or other condensation products (hydroimidazolones) could be indicative of inactivation of MG by metformin. Additional studies of other possible condensation products, as well as other potential cellular effects of metformin on MG production, will help to clarify this potentially important effect of metformin and provide a further rationale for using metformin to prevent long-term complications.
Indexed as
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.