ArticleThe Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience2004
Switching mature retinal ganglion cells to a robust growth state in vivo: gene expression and synergy with RhoA inactivation.
Article in The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 111 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
111 citing papers in PubMed, 275 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- The transcription factor Jun is necessary for optic nerve regeneration in larval zebrafish.PloS one · 2025Article
- siRNA Mediated Downregulation of RhoA Expression Reduces Oxidative Induced Apoptosis in Retinal Ganglion Cells.Current molecular medicine · 2024Article
- Crystallin β-b2 promotes retinal ganglion cell protection in experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2024Article
- Inflammatory Mediators of Axon Regeneration in the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Inhibition of microtubule detyrosination by parthenolide facilitates functional CNS axon regeneration.eLife · 2023Article
- Article
- Article
- Purified regenerating retinal neurons reveal regulatory role of DNA methylation-mediated Na+/K+-ATPase in murine axon regeneration.Communications biology · 2023Article
- Unleashing Intrinsic Growth Pathways in Regenerating Peripheral Neurons.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Core transcription programs controlling injury-induced neurodegeneration of retinal ganglion cells.Neuron · 2022Article
- Nanogel-mediated delivery of oncomodulin secreted from regeneration-associated macrophages promotes sensory axon regeneration in the spinal cord.Theranostics · 2022Article
- The basic science of optic nerve regeneration.Annals of translational medicine · 2021Review
- Agonist of growth hormone-releasing hormone enhances retinal ganglion cell protection induced by macrophages after optic nerve injury.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- Commonalities of optic nerve injury and glaucoma-induced neurodegeneration: Insights from transcriptome-wide studies.Experimental eye research · 2021Review
- Peritoneal macrophages attenuate retinal ganglion cell survival and neurite outgrowth.Neural regeneration research · 2021Article
- CXCR4/CXCL12-mediated entrapment of axons at the injury site compromises optic nerve regeneration.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- Elevated Hydrostatic Pressure Causes Retinal Degeneration Through Upregulating Lipocalin-2.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Article
- Non-Cell-Autonomous Regulation of Optic Nerve Regeneration by Amacrine Cells.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2021Review
- Article
51 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The inability of mature CNS neurons to regenerate injured axons has been attributed to a loss of inherent growth potential of cells and to inhibitory signals associated with myelin and the glial scar. The present study investigated two complementary issues: (1) whether mature CNS neurons can be stimulated to alter their gene expression profile and switch into a strong growth state; and (2) whether inactivating RhoA, a convergence point for multiple inhibitory signals, is sufficient to produce strong regeneration even without activating the growth state of neurons. In the mature rat, retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) normally fail to regenerate axons through the injured optic nerve but can be stimulated to do so by activating macrophages in the eye (e.g., by lens injury). To investigate underlying changes in gene expression, we retrogradely labeled RGCs with a fluorescent dye, performed optic nerve surgery with or without lens injury, and 4 d later, dissociated retinas, isolated RGCs by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and examined their profiles of gene expression using microarrays. To investigate the effects of inactivating RhoA, we transfected RGCs with adeno-associated viruses carrying a gene for C3 ribosyltransferase. Our results show that, with appropriate stimulation, mature CNS neurons can undergo dramatic changes in gene expression comparable with those seen in regenerating neurons of the PNS, and that RhoA inactivation by itself results in moderate regeneration, and strongly potentiates axon regeneration through the mature optic nerve when the growth state of neurons is activated.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.