ArticleDiabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association2005
Reduced cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with metformin use in subjects with Type 2 diabetes.
Article in Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 59 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Safety and Efficacy of Metformin Glycinate vs Metformin Hydrochloride on Metabolic Control and Inflammatory Mediators in Type 2 Diabetes Patients
Efficacy and Safety of Metformin Glycinate Compared to Metformin Hydrochloride on the Progression of Type 2 Diabetes
Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 160 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of metformin on adverse outcomes in T2DM patients: Systemic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Effect of metformin on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with coronary artery diseases: a systematic review and an updated meta-analysis.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2019Pooled it
- Is the combination of sulfonylureas and metformin associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease or all-cause mortality?: a meta-analysis of observational studies.Diabetes care · 2008 · on this mapPooled it
- Effect of Metformin and Lifestyle Interventions on Mortality in the Diabetes Prevention Program and Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.Diabetes care · 2021Trial
- BARI 2D: A Reanalysis Focusing on Cardiovascular Events.Mayo Clinic proceedings · 2019Trial
- Comparative cardiovascular risk of sulfonylureas with low- and high-affinities for cardiac mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels versus dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes: A cohort study.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Article
- Upstream targeting for the prevention of atrial fibrillation: Targeting Risk Interventions and Metformin for Atrial Fibrillation (TRIM-AF)-rationale and study design.Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing · 2025Article
- The impact of metformin on mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort study.Endocrine · 2025Article
- Cannabinoids and healthy ageing: the potential for extending healthspan and lifespan in preclinical models with an emphasis on Caenorhabditis elegans.GeroScience · 2024Review
- View on Metformin: Antidiabetic and Pleiotropic Effects, Pharmacokinetics, Side Effects, and Sex-Related Differences.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Insulin Resistance/Hyperinsulinemia, Neglected Risk Factor for the Development and Worsening of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Metformin ameliorates valve interstitial cell calcification by promoting autophagic flux.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Metformin Promotes Proliferation of Mouse Female Germline Stem Cells by Histone Acetylation Modification of Traf2.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2023Article
- Discovering Biological Mechanisms of Exceptional Human Health Span and Life Span.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2023Review
- Repurposing Metformin for Vascular Disease.Current medicinal chemistry · 2023Review
- A Critical Review of the Evidence That Metformin Is a Putative Anti-Aging Drug That Enhances Healthspan and Extends Lifespan.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Review
- Reduced Mortality Associated With the Use of Metformin Among Patients With Autoimmune Diseases.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Article
- Metformin as a Potential Agent in the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Metformin as a Potential Neuroprotective Agent in Prodromal Parkinson's Disease-Viewpoint.Frontiers in neurology · 2020Article
- Metformin and Vascular Diseases: A Focused Review on Smooth Muscle Cell Function.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimMetformin therapy reduces microvascular complications in Type 2 diabetes; questions remain, however, regarding its impact on macrovascular events. This study examined metformin use in relation to risk of cardiovascular-related hospitalization and mortality.
methodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort analysis, using Saskatchewan Health administrative databases to identify new users of oral antidiabetic drugs. Subject groups were defined by medication use during 1991-1999: sulphonylurea monotherapy, metformin monotherapy, or combination therapy. Deaths and non-fatal hospitalizations recorded during the study period were identified as cardiovascular-related from ICD-9 codes. The main outcome was a composite of first non-fatal hospitalization or death. Standard multivariate techniques, including propensity scores, were used to adjust for potential confounding. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine the relationship between metformin use and the composite endpoint.
resultsMetformin monotherapy was associated with a lower risk of the composite endpoint (adjusted hazard ratio 0.81; 95% confidence interval 0.68, 0.97) compared with sulphonylurea monotherapy. Combination therapy with meformin and a sulphonylurea was associated with lower mortality, but had similar hospitalization rates, to sulphonylurea monotherapy.
conclusionsMetformin monotherapy was associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular-related morbidity and mortality, and combination metformin and sulphonylurea therapy was associated with a reduced risk of fatal cardiovascular events, when compared with sulphonylurea monotherapy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.