Evidence map›Paper›PMID 16219009›Full record

ReviewDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2005

Metformin revisited: re-evaluation of its properties and role in the pharmacopoeia of modern antidiabetic agents.

Mark O Goodarzi, Michael Bryer-Ash

3 registry-linked trialsAbstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 53 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
53citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
1.2field-weighted citation impact, top 24% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT03968224 phase2 / phase3completedstarted 2018, after this paper: background citation

Effectiveness of the Treatment With Dapagliflozin and Metformin Compared to Metformin Monotherapy for Weight Loss on Diabetic and Prediabetic Patients With Obesity Class III

Ran2018Enrolled160Registered outcomes7Posted comparisons4ConditionsDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Obesity, Morbid, PrediabetesArmsDapagliflozin/Metformin, Metformin
PMID 27333994PMID 25015317PMID 30742570PMID 24144654PMID 26203064PMID 24919526PMID 22238392PMID 7623902PMID 11118008PMID 7623903PMID 24463454PMID 11975807other papers from this trial
Open the trial in the graph
NCT04841668 completedstarted 2021, after this paper: background citation

Gut-Brain-axis: Targets for Improvement of Cognition in the Elderly

Ran2021Enrolled50Registered outcomes51Posted comparisons0ConditionsType 2 Diabetes MellitusArmsMetformin
PMID 8013758PMID 30397356PMID 16443885PMID 11118008PMID 18220635PMID 12086935PMID 28500216PMID 12930161PMID 11602624PMID 18347351PMID 10718348PMID 16360788other papers from this trial
Open the trial in the graph
NCT03071705 naunknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2016, after this paper: background citation

Effect of Metformin in Combination With Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKI) on Clinical, Biochemical and Nutritional in Patients With Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma (NSCLC): Randomized Clinical Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorInstituto Nacional de Cancerologia de MexicoRan2016 to 2017Enrolled120ConditionsNon-Small Cell Adenocarcinoma, Tyrosine Kinase Mutation, EGFR Gene MutationArmsMetformin, TKI
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

53 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 161 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Mark O GoodarziDepartment of Medicine and the Gonda (Goldschmied) Diabetes Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Michael Bryer-Ash
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center · USUniversity of California, Los Angeles · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe usefulness of metformin as an oral antidiabetic agent is widely accepted. However, several other classes of oral antidiabetic agents have been recently introduced, raising the need to evaluate the role of metformin as initial therapy and in combination with these newer drugs for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).

methodsSynthesis of information was preceded by a comprehensive review of the English language literature using Medline. We also reviewed bibliographies of relevant articles. The studies most pertinent to the mechanism of action, efficacy, toxicity and administration of metformin were selected for citation in this review.

resultsMetformin acts by increasing tissue sensitivity to insulin, principally in the liver. Beneficial properties of metformin include weight reduction, favourable effects on the lipid profile and the fibrinolytic pathway, and improvement of ovarian function in some insulin-resistant women. It does not cause hyperinsulinaemia or hypoglycaemia. Metformin is effective as monotherapy and, in combination with both insulin secretagogues and thiazolidinediones (TZDs), may obviate the need for insulin treatment. Several fixed-dose combination pills containing metformin and other agents are available. A protocol for the initiation of therapy with contemporary oral agents for type 2 DM is presented, with emphasis on the continuing central role of metformin.

conclusionsMetformin remains a safe and effective agent for the therapy of patients with type 2 DM. It is useful as monotherapy or in combination regimens with the newer insulin secretagogues, TZDs or insulin. It is still in most circumstances the agent of choice for initial therapy of the typical obese patient with type 2 DM and mild to moderate hyperglycaemia.

Indexed as

Blood GlucoseDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Drug Therapy, CombinationHumansHypoglycemic AgentsMetforminBlood GlucoseHypoglycemic AgentsMetformin

Identifiers

PMID16219009
OpenAlexW2039006908

What Socratic holds

Texttitle and abstract
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.