Evidence mapPaperPMID 16622294Full record

ReviewEndocrine2006

Insulin resistance and improvements in signal transduction.

Nicolas Musi, Laurie J Goodyear

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Endocrine, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
28citing papers in PubMed
4.3field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

28 citing papers in PubMed, 104 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
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  18. Review
  19. Cellular bioenergetics as a target for obesity therapy.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2010
    Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Nicolas MusiTexas Diabetes Institute and University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, USA.
Laurie J Goodyear
Joslin Diabetes Center · US

Funding

EXERCISE AND SKELETAL MUSCLE SIGNALING MECHANISMSR01AR042238 · JOSLIN DIABETES CENTER · 1997 to 2005
$2.1M
EXERCISE REGULATION OF GLUCOSE UPTAKE IN SKELETAL MUSCLER01AR045670 · JOSLIN DIABETES CENTER · 1998 to 2005
$2.1M
EXERCISE AND SKELETAL MUSCLE SIGNALING MECHANISMSR29AR042238 · JOSLIN DIABETES CENTER · 1993 to 1996
NIAMS NIH HHS AR42238NIAMS NIH HHS AR45670
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes and obesity are common metabolic disorders characterized by resistance to the actions of insulin to stimulate skeletal muscle glucose disposal. Insulin-resistant muscle has defects at several steps of the insulin-signaling pathway, including decreases in insulin-stimulated insulin receptor and insulin receptor substrate-1 tyrosine phosphorylation, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) activation. One approach to increase muscle glucose disposal is to reverse/improve these insulin-signaling defects. Weight loss and thiazolidinediones (TZDs) improve glucose disposal, in part, by increasing insulin-stimulated insulin receptor and IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation and PI 3-kinase activity. In contrast, physical training and metformin improve whole-body glucose disposal but have minimal effects on proximal insulin-signaling steps. A novel approach to reverse insulin resistance involves inhibition of the stress-activated protein kinase Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and the protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). A different strategy to increase muscle glucose disposal is by stimulating insulin-independent glucose transport. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an enzyme that works as a fuel gauge and becomes activated in situations of energy consumption, such as muscle contraction. Several studies have shown that pharmacologic activation of AMPK increases glucose transport in muscle, independent of the actions of insulin. AMPK activation is also involved in the mechanism of action of metformin and adiponectin. Moreover, in the hypothalamus, AMPK regulates appetite and body weight. The effect of AMPK to stimulate muscle glucose disposal and to control appetite makes it an important pharmacologic target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity.

Indexed as

AdiponectinAMP-Activated Protein KinasesAppetite RegulationDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Enzyme ActivationExerciseGlucoseGlucose Transport Proteins, FacilitativeHumansInsulinInsulin ResistanceJNK Mitogen-Activated Protein KinasesMetforminMultienzyme ComplexesMuscle, SkeletalObesityAdiponectinAMP-Activated Protein KinasesGlucoseGlucose Transport Proteins, FacilitativeInsulinJNK Mitogen-Activated Protein KinasesMetforminMultienzyme ComplexesProtein Serine-Threonine KinasesProtein Tyrosine PhosphatasesThiazolidinediones

Identifiers

PMID16622294
OpenAlexW2024235773

What Socratic holds

Texttitle and abstract
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.