Evidence map›Paper›PMID 17098089›Full record

ReviewLancet (London, England)2006

The incretin system: glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes.

Daniel J Drucker, Michael A Nauck

3 registry-linked trialsAbstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Lancet (London, England), 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 1,417 papers, 17 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1,417citing papers in PubMed, 17 pooled it
80.2field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05870462 phase4unknown statusstarted 2023, after this paper: background citation

Semaglutide and Vascular Regeneration in People With Diabetes and/or Obesity

Ran2023Enrolled100Registered outcomes4Posted comparisons0ConditionsAtherosclerosis, Cardiovascular Diseases, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, ObesityArmsSemaglutide Pen Injector
PMID 28110911PMID 27633186PMID 33205058PMID 23973684PMID 31477497PMID 34849704PMID 34425083PMID 32306097PMID 30847424PMID 33554145other papers from this trial
Open the trial in the graph
NCT02244164 naterminatednot on this mapstarted 2014, after this paper: background citation

Pathophysiological Study of the Increase in Pancreatic Volume in Type 2 Diabetes Treatments.

TypeinterventionalSponsorErasme University HospitalRan2014 to 2023Enrolled5ConditionsType 2 Diabetes, Incretinomimetics, PancreasArmsIncretinomimetics, DPP-4 inhibitors
NCT02694575 completednot on this mapstarted 2015, after this paper: background citation

The Impact of Glucose Lowering Therapies Including Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor on Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells (EPCs) and Its Mobilising Factor Stromal Derived Factor-1α (SDF-1α) in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

TypeobservationalSponsorUniversity of LeicesterRan2015 to 2018Enrolled241ConditionsDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Cardiovascular Diseases
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1,417 citing papers in PubMed, 17 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 3,845 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Pooled it
  7. Pooled it
  8. Pooled it
  9. Pooled it
  10. Guideline
  11. Pooled it
  12. Pooled it
  13. Pooled it
  14. Pooled it
  15. Pooled it
  16. Pooled it
  17. Pooled it
  18. Trial
  19. Trial
  20. Trial

1,357 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Daniel J DruckerSamuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. d.drucker@utoronto.ca
Michael A Nauck
Diabeteszentrum Bad Lauterberg · DELunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute · CA

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is a gut-derived incretin hormone that stimulates insulin and suppresses glucagon secretion, inhibits gastric emptying, and reduces appetite and food intake. Therapeutic approaches for enhancing incretin action include degradation-resistant GLP-1 receptor agonists (incretin mimetics), and inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) activity (incretin enhancers). Clinical trials with the incretin mimetic exenatide (two injections per day or long-acting release form once weekly) and liraglutide (one injection per day) show reductions in fasting and postprandial glucose concentrations, and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (1-2%), associated with weight loss (2-5 kg). The most common adverse event associated with GLP-1 receptor agonists is mild nausea, which lessens over time. Orally administered DPP-4 inhibitors, such as sitagliptin and vildagliptin, reduce HbA1c by 0.5-1.0%, with few adverse events and no weight gain. These new classes of antidiabetic agents, and incretin mimetics and enhancers, also expand beta-cell mass in preclinical studies. However, long-term clinical studies are needed to determine the benefits of targeting the incretin axis for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

Indexed as

Adenosine Deaminase InhibitorsDipeptidyl-Peptidase IV InhibitorsHypoglycemic AgentsAdamantaneClinical Trials as TopicDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4Drug Administration ScheduleExenatideGlucagon-Like Peptide 1Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 ReceptorGlycoproteinsHumansLiraglutideNitrilesPeptidesAdamantaneAdenosine Deaminase InhibitorsDipeptidyl Peptidase 4Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV InhibitorsDPP4 protein, humanExenatideGLP1R protein, humanGlucagon-Like Peptide 1Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 ReceptorGlycoproteinsHypoglycemic AgentsLiraglutideNitrilesPeptidesPyrazinesPyrrolidinesReceptors, GlucagonSitagliptin PhosphateTriazolesVenomsVildagliptin

Identifiers

PMID17098089
OpenAlexW2159205789

What Socratic holds

Texttitle and abstract
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.