Evidence mapPaperPMID 17978591Full record

Trial reportJournal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.)2007

Lowering blood pressure with beta-blockers in combination with other renin-angiotensin system blockers in patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes: results from the GEMINI Trial.

Jackson T Wright, George L Bakris, David S H Bell, Vivian Fonseca, Richard E Katholi, Janet B McGill, Franz H Messerli, Robert A Phillips, Philip Raskin, Fred K Holdbrook and 2 more

Abstract readMulticenter StudyRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.), 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Trial
  3. Trial
  4. Trial
  5. Article
  6. Use of carvedilol in hypertension: an update.Vascular health and risk management · 2012
    Review
  7. Article
  8. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Jackson T WrightDepartment of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. jackson.wright@case.edu
George L Bakris
David S H Bell
Vivian Fonseca
Richard E Katholi
Janet B McGill
Franz H Messerli
Robert A Phillips
Philip Raskin
Fred K Holdbrook
Mary Ann Lukas
Malini Iyengar

Funding

ZOVIRAX CREAM TO TREAT HERPES LABIALIS IN ADOLESCENTSM01RR000827 · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN DIEGO · 1985 to 2005
$47.5M
ZENARESTAT IN DIABETIC NEUROPATHYM01RR005096 · TULANE UNIVERSITY OF LOUISIANA · 1990 to 2005
$14.8M
NCRR NIH HHS 5 M01 RR05096NCRR NIH HHS RR00827
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The effects of beta-blockade in addition to more specific renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockers on blood pressure (BP) in patients with diabetes are described. After washout of medications other than angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers, patients were titrated to a BP level <130/80 mm Hg using therapy with carvedilol 6.25 to 25 mg bid (n=498) or metoprolol tartrate 50 to 200 mg bid (n=737). At the end of the beta-blocker titration period, a BP level <130/80 mm Hg was achieved in 37% of carvedilol-treated and 36% of metoprolol-treated participants who continued to receive a renin-angiotensin system blocker. In the approximately 60% of participants in whom a BP level <130/80 mm Hg was not attained with renin-angiotensin system blockade plus beta-blockade, hydrochlorothiazide was added in 43% and 44% of carvedilol and metoprolol groups, respectively; 25% (both arms) also required a calcium channel blocker. Among those in whom goal BP was not achieved, 42% of carvedilol- and 40% of metoprolol-treated participants were not titrated to the highest dose of beta-blocker. The use of carvedilol compared with metoprolol did not effect glycemic control.

Indexed as

Adrenergic beta-AntagonistsAdultAgedAged, 80 and overAngiotensin-Converting Enzyme InhibitorsBlood PressureCalcium Channel BlockersCarbazolesCarvedilolDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2DiureticsDrug Therapy, CombinationFemaleHeart RateHumansHydrochlorothiazideAdrenergic beta-AntagonistsAngiotensin-Converting Enzyme InhibitorsCalcium Channel BlockersCarbazolesCarvedilolDiureticsHydrochlorothiazideMetoprololPropanolamines

Identifiers

PMID17978591
PMCPMC8110139

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.