ReviewJournal of leukocyte biology2008
Interleukin 21: a cytokine/cytokine receptor system that has come of age.
Review in Journal of leukocyte biology, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 118 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- IL-21 silencing inhibits the proliferation, growth, and migration of colorectal cancer cells via suppressing phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and STAT3.Biological research · 2026Article
- DOCK8 and STAT3 cooperate to restrain IgE-inducing T follicular helper cells.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2026Article
- Exploring the impact of IL-2 cytokine family on skin barrier function: pathophysiology and therapeutic strategies.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Article
- Translatability of findings from cynomolgus monkey to human suggests a mechanistic role for IL-21 in promoting immunogenicity to an anti-PD-1/IL-21 mutein fusion protein.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- A surge in serum mucosal cytokines associated with seroconversion in children at risk for type 1 diabetes.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2023Article
- Differentially activated B cells develop regulatory phenotype and show varying immunosuppressive features: a comparative study.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- HIV-1 infection and the lack of viral control are associated with greater expression of interleukin-21 receptor on CD8+ T cells.AIDS (London, England) · 2021Article
- The Roles of IL-17, IL-21, and IL-23 in theToxins · 2021Review
- Targeting Janus Kinases and Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 to Treat Inflammation, Fibrosis, and Cancer: Rationale, Progress, and Caution.Pharmacological reviews · 2020Review
- Cytokine-mediated communication: a quantitative appraisal of immune complexity.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2019Review
- Interleukin 21 collaborates with interferon-γ for the optimal expression of interferon-stimulated genes and enhances protection against enteric microbial infection.PLoS pathogens · 2019Article
- IL-21 restricts T follicular regulatory T cell proliferation through Bcl-6 mediated inhibition of responsiveness to IL-2.Nature communications · 2017Article
- STAT3 signaling in immunity.Cytokine & growth factor reviews · 2016Review
- Natural allelic variation of the IL-21 receptor modulates ischemic stroke infarct volume.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2016Article
- Contribution of enhanced engagement of antigen presentation machinery to the clinical immunogenicity of a human interleukin (IL)-21 receptor-blocking therapeutic antibody.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2016Article
- CREM Alpha Enhances IL-21 Production in T CellsFrontiers in immunology · 2016Article
- Opposing roles of STAT1 and STAT3 in IL-21 function in CD4+ T cells.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2015Article
- Interleukin-21 gene polymorphisms and chronic hepatitis B infection in a Chinese population.World journal of gastroenterology · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Interleukin-21 (IL-21) and its receptor represent the sixth cytokine system whose actions were recognized to require the common cytokine receptor gamma chain. IL-21 is produced by activated CD4+ T cells, natural killer T cells, and follicular T helper cells and has actions on a range of lymphohematopoietic lineages. Among its many effects, IL-21 serves a critical role for immunoglobulin production and terminal B cell differentiation, acts as a T cell comitogen and can drive the expansion of CD8+ T cells, can negatively regulate dendritic cell function and plays an essential role in the differentiation of Th17 cells. Importantly, IL-21 is implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity and exhibits potent actions as an antitumor agent. The ability to regulate and manipulate the actions of IL-21, therefore, has important implications for immunoregulation and the therapy of human disease.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.