ArticleJournees annuelles de diabetologie de l'Hotel-Dieu2007
Metformin as first choice in oral diabetes treatment: the UKPDS experience.
Article in Journees annuelles de diabetologie de l'Hotel-Dieu, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03419624 (A 28-week, Multi-center Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study to Evaluate the Potential of Dapagliflozin Plus Exenatide in Combination With High-dose Intensive Insulin Therapy Compared to Placebo in Obese Insulin-resistant Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus), which is not on this map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A 28-week, Multi-center Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study to Evaluate the Potential of Dapagliflozin Plus Exenatide in Combination With High-dose Intensive Insulin Therapy Compared to Placebo in Obese Insulin-resistant Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (Proof-of-concept Study)
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 89 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors attenuates osteoporosis in patients with diabetes: A nationwide, retrospective, matched-cohort study in Taiwan.Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA · 2022Article
- Interplays between drugs and the gut microbiome.Gastroenterology report · 2022Review
- An old friend turned foe: Metformin-induced diarrhea with resultant symptomatic hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypocalcemia, and hypophosphatemia.Clinical case reports · 2021Article
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- Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Associated with Metformin and Sulphonylureas' Glycaemic Response among South African Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Journal of personalized medicine · 2021Article
- Cytokine Storm and Failed Resolution in COVID-19: Taking a Cue from Multiple Sclerosis.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2021Article
- Ganoderma Lucidum Polysaccharides Ameliorates Hepatic Steatosis and Oxidative Stress in db/db Mice via Targeting Nuclear Factor E2 (Erythroid-Derived 2)-Related Factor-2/Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1) Pathway.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2020Article
- Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a fixed-dose combination of gemigliptin/metformin sustained release 25/500 mg compared to the loose combination in healthy male subjects.Translational and clinical pharmacology · 2020Article
- New High-Throughput Screening Identifies Compounds That Reduce Viability Specifically in Liver Cancer Cells That Express High Levels of SALL4 by Inhibiting Oxidative Phosphorylation.Gastroenterology · 2019Article
- The Role of Gut Microbiota in Obesity and Type 2 and Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: New Insights into "Old" Diseases.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Review
- Association of Metformin Treatment with Reduced Severity of Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetic Patients.Journal of diabetes research · 2018Article
- Article
- The role of adipokines in skeletal muscle inflammation and insulin sensitivity.Journal of inflammation (London, England) · 2018Review
- Relaxin as a Therapeutic Target for the Cardiovascular Complications of Diabetes.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2018Review
- Metformin attenuates ER stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction.Translational research : the journal of laboratory and clinical medicine · 2017Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Metformin has been used successfully since the 1950s as first line pharmacotherapy to treat people with type 2 diabetes. It is a biguanide that decreases blood glucose concentration by mechanisms different from those of insulin secretagogues, such as sulphonylureas, or exogenous insulin therapy. Metformin lowers, rather than increases, fasting plasma insulin concentrations and acts by enhancing insulin sensitivity, inducing greater peripheral uptake of glucose, and decreasing hepatic glucose output. By reducing hepatic glucose output it lowers blood glucose and insulin levels with minimal risk of hypoglycaemia, and when used as monotherapy can lower HbAlc by around 1.5%. It is usually well tolerated, the most common side effects being gastrointestinal. Of particular value is that the improved glucose control seen with metformin is achieved without weight gain. Concerns that it may increase the risk of lactic acidosis have largely been allayed with recent studies suggesting less than one case per 100,000 treated patients. The UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) demonstrated a substantial beneficial effect of metformin therapy on cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes, with a 36% relative risk reduction in all cause mortality and a 39% relative risk reduction in myocardial infarction . The first ever joint ADA (American Diabetes Association) and EASD (European Association for the Study of Diabetes) consensus guidelines on the management of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes state explicitly that metformin should be used as first-line foundation therapy, in addition to lifestyle interventions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
18613325W2322931379What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.