ArticleAmerican journal of obstetrics and gynecology2008
Diabetes mellitus and birth defects.
Article in American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06064669 (Effect of Metformin on Healthy Live Birth After In-vitro Fertilization in Women With Prediabetes Mellitus), which is not on this map. Cited by 317 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effect of Metformin on Healthy Live Birth After In-vitro Fertilization in Women With Prediabetes Mellitus: a Multicenter Double-blind Placebo Controlled Randomized Trial
Who cites it
317 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A systematic review of congenital external ear anomalies and their associated factors.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Pooled it
- Risks of specific congenital anomalies in offspring of women with diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based studies including over 80 million births.PLoS medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Maternal obesity and metabolic disorders associate with congenital heart defects in the offspring: A systematic review.PloS one · 2021Pooled it
- Bariatric surgery and birth defects: A systematic literature review.Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology · 2018Pooled it
- Original Findings and Updated Meta-Analysis for the Association Between Maternal Diabetes and Risk for Congenital Heart Disease Phenotypes.American journal of epidemiology · 2017Pooled it
- Pre-pregnancy Obesity as a Modifier of Gestational Diabetes and Birth Defects Associations: A Systematic Review.Maternal and child health journal · 2017Pooled it
- Association between IRF6 and 8q24 polymorphisms and nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate: Systematic review and meta-analysis.Birth defects research. Part A, Clinical and molecular teratology · 2016Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of gestational weight gain recommendations and related outcomes in Brazil.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2015Pooled it
- The Outcomes of Modified Millard Technique Versus Tennison-Randall Technique in Unilateral Cleft Lip Repair: A Comparative Trial.African journal of paediatric surgery : AJPS · 2024Trial
- Trial
- hiPSC-derived Organoids and Organ-on-chip Systems: New Frontiers in Neural Tube Defect Research.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2026Review
- Prenatal Diagnosis and Perinatal Management Considerations in Congenital Abdominal Wall Defects: A Case Series and Narrative Review.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Article
- In Vitro Fertilization and VACTERL Birth Defects.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Semilobar holoprosencephaly associated with maternal diabetes in a toddler: A case report.Radiology case reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Paediatric cardiac care in low resource settings evidence from the Gambia.NPJ cardiovascular health · 2026Article
- A Comprehensive Review of the Genetic Etiology and Management of Orofacial Clefts.Pediatric discovery · 2026Review
- The Impact of Maternal Obesity and Diabetes on the Development of Congenital Heart Defects (CHDs) in Offspring: A Narrative Review.Metabolites · 2026Review
- Neonatal Spina Bifida: Clinical Profile, Management, and Maternal Characteristics in a Moroccan Tertiary Center.Cureus · 2026Article
- Maternal diabetes-associated neural tube defects: evidence for β-hydroxybutyrate-related HDAC1/3-H3K27ac-MEST-LRP6 dysregulation.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
257 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe purpose of this study was to examine associations between diabetes mellitus and 39 birth defects. STUDY
designThis was a multicenter case-control study of mothers of infants who were born with (n = 13,030) and without (n = 4895) birth defects in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (1997-2003).
resultsPregestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM) was associated significantly with noncardiac defects (isolated, 7/23 defects; multiples, 13/23 defects) and cardiac defects (isolated, 11/16 defects; multiples, 8/16 defects). Adjusted odds ratios for PGDM and all isolated and multiple defects were 3.17 (95% CI, 2.20-4.99) and 8.62 (95% CI, 5.27-14.10), respectively. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) was associated with fewer noncardiac defects (isolated, 3/23 defects; multiples, 3/23 defects) and cardiac defects (isolated, 3/16 defects; multiples, 2/16 defects). Odds ratios between GDM and all isolated and multiple defects were 1.42 (95% CI, 1.17-1.73) and 1.50 (95% CI, 1.13-2.00), respectively. These associations were limited generally to offspring of women with prepregnancy body mass index > or =25 kg/m(2).
conclusionPGDM was associated with a wide range of birth defects; GDM was associated with a limited group of birth defects.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.