ArticleNeurology2008
Insulin in combination with other diabetes medication is associated with less Alzheimer neuropathology.
Article in Neurology, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06072963 (Combination of Intranasal Insulin With Oral Semaglutide to Improve Cognition and Cerebral Blood Flow), which is not on this map. Cited by 82 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Combination of Intranasal Insulin With Oral Semaglutide to Improve Cognition and Cerebral Blood Flow: a Feasibility Study
Who cites it
82 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 157 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of antidiabetic drugs in Alzheimer´s disease: a systematic review of preclinical and clinical studies.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2025Pooled it
- Neuropathological changes in the nucleus basalis of Meynert in people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus.Acta neuropathologica · 2025Article
- Metformin effectively alleviates the symptoms of Alzheimer in rats by lowering amyloid β deposition and enhancing the insulin signal.Metabolic brain disease · 2024Article
- Alzheimer's Disease, Obesity, and Type 2 Diabetes: Focus on Common Neuroglial Dysfunctions (Critical Review and New Data on Human Brain and Models).Brain sciences · 2024Review
- Amyloid deposition and small vessel disease are associated with cognitive function in older adults with type 2 diabetes.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Glucose Metabolism and Cognitive Decline in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy and Corticobasal Syndrome: A Preliminary Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Metformin, age-related cognitive decline, and brain pathology.Neurobiology of aging · 2024Article
- Serum proinsulin levels as peripheral blood biomarkers in patients with cognitive impairment.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Dementia risk in patients with type 2 diabetes: Comparing metformin with no pharmacological treatment.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2023Article
- A feasibility study of the combination of intranasal insulin with dulaglutide for cognition in older adults with metabolic syndrome at high dementia risk - Study rationale and design.Mechanisms of ageing and development · 2023Article
- Hormonal regulation of metabolism-recent lessons learned from insulin and estrogen.Clinical science (London, England : 1979) · 2023Review
- The relationship of insulin resistance and diabetes to tau PET SUVR in middle-aged to older adults.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2023Article
- Small molecule targeting long noncoding RNA GAS5 administered intranasally improves neuronal insulin signaling and decreases neuroinflammation in an aged mouse model.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Physical Activity Is Associated with Slower Cognitive Decline in Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2023Article
- Greater intake of the MEDI diet is associated with better cognitive trajectory in older adults with type 2 diabetes.Diabetes research and clinical practice · 2022Observational
- Review
- Current and Near-Future Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease.Current neuropharmacology · 2022Article
- Hemorrhagic stroke outcomes of KApSR patients with co-morbid diabetes and Alzheimer's disease.Annals of translational medicine · 2021Article
- Sleep Disturbances and Cognitive Impairment in the Course of Type 2 Diabetes-A Possible Link.Current neuropharmacology · 2021Article
- Alzheimer's Disease-Related Neuropathology Among Patients with Medication Treated Type 2 Diabetes in a Community-Based Autopsy Cohort.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2021Article
22 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo examine the association between treatment for diabetes and Alzheimer disease (AD) neuropathology.
methodsThis postmortem study matched 124 subjects with diabetes to 124 without diabetes from the Mount Sinai School of Medicine Brain Bank, on age (mean = 81.2 + 9.3), sex (57.3% F), and severity of dementia (Clinical Dementia Rating [CDR] 2.4 + 1.7). Densities of neuritic plaques (NPs) and of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) were assessed in several neocortical regions and in the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, and amygdala. Diabetic subjects were classified according to their recorded lifetime antidiabetic medications: none (n = 29), insulin only (n = 49), diabetes medications other than insulin only (n = 28), or concomitant use of both insulin and any oral antidiabetic medications (n = 18). For each dependent variable, analysis of covariance controlling for age at death, sex, and CDR distinguished among the nondiabetic patients and four diabetic subgroups.
resultsThere were differences among the five groups for NP ratings in the entorhinal cortex (p = 0.003), amygdala (p = 0.009), and overall NP (p = 0.014) as well as counts of NPs in all regions examined (p values ranging from 0.009 to 0.04). NP ratings in the hippocampus (p = 0.057) and the combined neocortical measure (p = 0.052) approached significance. In each analysis, the concomitant medication group had significantly fewer NPs (approximately 20%) than any of the other groups, which were relatively similar. No significant NFT differences were found.
conclusionThe results of this study suggest that the combination of insulin with other diabetes medication is associated with substantially lower neuritic plaque density consistent with the effects of both on the neurobiology of insulin.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.