Trial reportThe New England journal of medicine2008
Continuous glucose monitoring and intensive treatment of type 1 diabetes.
Trial report in The New England journal of medicine, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 13 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 631 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
FLAT-SUGAR: FLuctuATion Reduction With inSULin and Glp-1 Added togetheR
A Randomized Trial of Metformin as Adjunct Therapy for Overweight Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes
A Randomized Clinical Trial to Assess the Efficacy of Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring (RT-CGM) in the Management of Type 1 Diabetes
Intensive Diabetes Clinic and Intermittent Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Poor Glycemic Control
Effect of Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring on Glucose Counterregulation in Long Standing Type 1 Diabetes
The Effect of Real Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Subjects With Pre-diabetes
Clinical Assessment of a Novel Microprobe Array Continuous Glucose Monitor for Type 1 Diabetes
A Randomized Trial of the Effect of Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) in Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes Treated With Multiple Daily Insulin Injections (MDI)
Patient Empowerment Through Predictive Personalised Decision Support (PEPPER)
Exercise Snacks and Glutamine to Improve Glucose Control in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes
The Impact of Telehealthcare Intervention on Glycemic Control in Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes
Patient Empowerment Through Predictive Personalised Decision Support(PEPPER)-Validation Study.
Supporting Primary Care Adoption, Resources, and Knowledge for Continuous Glucose Monitoring
Who cites it
631 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effects of Continuous Versus Intermittent Glucose Monitoring in Intensive Care Unit Patients: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis.Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica · 2026Pooled it
- Perioperative use and accuracy of continuous glucose monitoring: A systematic review.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Pooled it
- Evaluating the Cost-Utility of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Individuals with Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Review of the Methods and Quality of Studies Using Decision Models or Empirical Data.PharmacoEconomics · 2024Pooled it
- 2023 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diabetes Management in Korea: Full Version Recommendation of the Korean Diabetes Association.Diabetes & metabolism journal · 2024Guideline
- Real-World Evidence of Automated Insulin Delivery System Use.Diabetes technology & therapeutics · 2024Pooled it
- International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2024 Diabetes Technologies: Glucose Monitoring.Hormone research in paediatrics · 2024Guideline
- The Benefits of Utilizing Continuous Glucose Monitoring of Diabetes Mellitus in Primary Care: A Systematic Review.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2023Pooled it
- Effect of divergent continuous glucose monitoring technologies on glycaemic control in type 1 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2022Pooled it
- Effects of real-time continuous glucose monitoring in type 1 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Acta diabetologica · 2021Pooled it
- Cost-effectiveness of health technologies in adults with type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and narrative synthesis.Systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Rapid improvements in glycemic management with use of continuous glucose monitoring in adults with type 2 diabetes treated with basal insulin: 3-month analysis of the MOBILE study.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2025Trial
- Extended use of real-time continuous glucose monitoring in adults with insulin-requiring type 2 diabetes: Results from the first 26 weeks of the 2GO-CGM trial.Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2025Trial
- Effect of an Intensive, Integrated Telehealth Intervention on Glycemic Control in Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring: A Randomized, Crossover Trial.Pediatric diabetes · 2025Trial
- Updating Our Understanding of Device Use in Adolescents: Demographic Factors and Preferences in a Group of Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes.The science of diabetes self-management and care · 2024Trial
- Efficacy of unblinded and blinded intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring for glycemic control in adults with type 1 diabetes.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Trial
- Adolescent- and Young Adult-Reported Outcomes and Use of Continuous Glucose Monitoring Features: A Report from the CITY Trial.Pediatric diabetes · 2023Trial
- Similar Perceptions on Continuous Glucose Monitor Use amongst Youth with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes.Pediatric diabetes · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Use of Technology in Older Adults with Type 1 Diabetes: Clinical Characteristics and Glycemic Metrics.Diabetes technology & therapeutics · 2022Trial
- Improved HbA1c and reduced glycaemic variability after 1-year intermittent use of flash glucose monitoring.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
571 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
27 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe value of continuous glucose monitoring in the management of type 1 diabetes mellitus has not been determined.
methodsIn a multicenter clinical trial, we randomly assigned 322 adults and children who were already receiving intensive therapy for type 1 diabetes to a group with continuous glucose monitoring or to a control group performing home monitoring with a blood glucose meter. All the patients were stratified into three groups according to age and had a glycated hemoglobin level of 7.0 to 10.0%. The primary outcome was the change in the glycated hemoglobin level at 26 weeks.
resultsThe changes in glycated hemoglobin levels in the two study groups varied markedly according to age group (P=0.003), with a significant difference among patients 25 years of age or older that favored the continuous-monitoring group (mean difference in change, -0.53%; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.71 to -0.35; P<0.001). The between-group difference was not significant among those who were 15 to 24 years of age (mean difference, 0.08; 95% CI, -0.17 to 0.33; P=0.52) or among those who were 8 to 14 years of age (mean difference, -0.13; 95% CI, -0.38 to 0.11; P=0.29). Secondary glycated hemoglobin outcomes were better in the continuous-monitoring group than in the control group among the oldest and youngest patients but not among those who were 15 to 24 years of age. The use of continuous glucose monitoring averaged 6.0 or more days per week for 83% of patients 25 years of age or older, 30% of those 15 to 24 years of age, and 50% of those 8 to 14 years of age. The rate of severe hypoglycemia was low and did not differ between the two study groups; however, the trial was not powered to detect such a difference.
conclusionsContinuous glucose monitoring can be associated with improved glycemic control in adults with type 1 diabetes. Further work is needed to identify barriers to effectiveness of continuous monitoring in children and adolescents. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00406133.)
Indexed as
Identifiers
18779236What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.