GuidelineDiabetes care2009
Medical management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes: a consensus algorithm for the initiation and adjustment of therapy: a consensus statement of the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes.
Guideline in Diabetes care, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 11 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 1,051 papers, 11 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
White Blood Cells Gene Expression Profiles as a Tool for Predicting Metformin Efficacy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
A Multi-centre, Open-labeled, Randomized, Parallel Study on Liver Fat Content and Visceral Fat Mass in Overweight and Obese Type 2 Diabetes Patients After 26 Weeks Treatment With Insulin Detemir Once Daily Versus Insulin NPH Once Daily
Phase II Randomized Study of Neoadjuvant Metformin Plus Letrozole vs Placebo Plus Letrozole for ER-positive Postmenopausal Breast Cancer
Effect of Glucose Monitoring on Patient and Provider Outcomes in Non-insulin Treated Diabetes
The Effect of a Checklist on the Education of Simulated Patients During Insulin Initiation: a Randomized Controlled Trial
Retinal Artery Lesions to Predict Long-term Outcomes in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome After Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation
A 12 Week, Parallel, Open-label, Randomized, Multi-center Study Evaluating Use, Safety and Effectiveness of a Web Based Tool vs. Enhanced Usual Therapy of Glargine Titration in T2DM Patients With a 4 Week Safety Extension
Metformin Pharmacology in Human Cancers
Effectiveness of a Smoking Cessation Algorithm Integrated Into HIV Primary Care
The Medically Reproducing Bariatric Surgery (MRB) II Study: SEMAGLUTIDE Followed by OPTIFAST in Veterans With Type 2 Diabetes
A Double-Blinded, Placebo-controlled, Double Dummy, Multi-center Randomized, Phase 3 Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of ORMD-0801 in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus With Inadequate Glycemic Control on One to Three Glucose-lowering Agents
Who cites it
1,051 citing papers in PubMed, 11 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Comparing SGLT2i and Other Oral Antidiabetic Drugs as Dual Therapy Add-On to Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy on Fat Mass and Glucose Homeostasis in Humans and Animals: A Narrative Review with Systematic Literature Search.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Pooled it
- Effect of probiotics and related supplements on glycemic control in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Pooled it
- Association of metformin use and cancer incidence: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2024 · on this mapPooled it
- Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies Pharmacogenomic Variants Associated With Metformin Glycemic Response in African American Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.Diabetes care · 2024Pooled it
- Effects of Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction Supplementation in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Understanding the relationship between sleep and quality of life in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review of the literature.Journal of health psychology · 2023Pooled it
- Metformin's Role in Hyperlactatemia and Lactic Acidosis in ICU Patients: A Systematic Review.Pharmacology · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Effect of metformin on the mortality of colorectal cancer patients with T2DM: meta-analysis of sex differences.International journal of colorectal disease · 2020 · on this mapPooled it
- Beyond glycemic control: differential effects of empagliflozin and sitagliptin on insulin sensitivity and a shared increase in adropin in type 2 diabetes.BMC endocrine disorders · 2026Trial
- Efficacy of diabetes-specific partial meal replacement on glycemic and weight control in type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Trial
- Efficacy and safety ofFrontiers in pharmacology · 2025Trial
- A Randomized Controlled Trial Testing the Effects of a Social Needs Navigation Intervention on Health Outcomes and Healthcare Utilization among Medicaid Members with Type 2 Diabetes.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Dose and time-response effect of photobiomodulation therapy on glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients combined or not with hypoglycemic medicine: A randomized, crossover, double-blind, sham-controlled trial.Journal of biophotonics · 2023Trial
- Safety of metformin continuation in diabetic patients undergoing invasive coronary angiography: the NO-STOP single arm trial.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2023Trial
- Thrice daily consumption of a novel, premeal shot containing a low dose of whey protein increases time in euglycemia during 7 days of free-living in individuals with type 2 diabetes.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2022Trial
- Making sense of diabetes medication decisions: a mixed methods cluster randomized trial using a conversation aid intervention.Endocrine · 2022Trial
991 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The consensus algorithm for the medical management of type 2 diabetes was published in August 2006 with the expectation that it would be updated, based on the availability of new interventions and new evidence to establish their clinical role. The authors continue to endorse the principles used to develop the algorithm and its major features. We are sensitive to the risks of changing the algorithm cavalierly or too frequently, without compelling new information. An update to the consensus algorithm published in January 2008 specifically addressed safety issues surrounding the thiazolidinediones. In this revision, we focus on the new classes of medications that now have more clinical data and experience.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.