Trial reportDiabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association2008
Clinical effectiveness of a brief educational intervention in Type 1 diabetes: results from the BITES (Brief Intervention in Type 1 diabetes, Education for Self-efficacy) trial.
Trial report in Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Quality improvement strategies for diabetes care: Effects on outcomes for adults living with diabetes.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Diabetes: glycaemic control in type 1.BMJ clinical evidence · 2011Pooled it
- FREE: A randomized controlled feasibility trial of a cognitive behavioral therapy and technology-assisted intervention to reduce fear of hypoglycemia in young adults with type 1 diabetes.Journal of psychosomatic research · 2024Trial
- Intervention to reduce hypoglycemia fear in parents of young kids using video-based telehealth (REDCHiP).Pediatric diabetes · 2020Trial
- Trends in baseline HbA1c and body-mass index in randomised trials of people with type 1 diabetes from 1993 to 2025: an IMI2 SOPHIA systematic review and meta-analysis.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Self-efficacy and oral health outcomes in a regional Australian Aboriginal population.BMC oral health · 2022Article
- Establishment of a type 1 diabetes structured education programme suitable for Chinese patients: type 1 diabetes education in lifestyle and self adjustment (TELSA).BMC endocrine disorders · 2020Article
- Different Effects of Structured Education on Glycemic Control and Psychological Outcomes in Adolescent and Adult Patients with Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of endocrinology · 2020Article
- Article
- The psychosocial self-efficacy in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.Nursing open · 2019Article
- Parental knowledge and metabolic control of children and young adults with type 1 diabetes.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2018Article
- Psychosocial factors in medication adherence and diabetes self-management: Implications for research and practice.The American psychologist · 2016Review
- Diabetes self-management arrangements in Europe: a realist review to facilitate a project implemented in six countries.BMC health services research · 2014Review
- A systematic review of patient-reported measures of burden of treatment in three chronic diseases.Patient related outcome measures · 2013Article
- The 5x1 DAFNE study protocol: a cluster randomised trial comparing a standard 5 day DAFNE course delivered over 1 week against DAFNE training delivered over 1 day a week for 5 consecutive weeks.BMC endocrine disorders · 2012Article
- Patient empowerment: the need to consider it as a measurable patient-reported outcome for chronic conditions.BMC health services research · 2012Article
- Older adults' common sense models of diabetes.American journal of health behavior · 2011Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimsIntensive 5-day educational interventions for people with Type 1 diabetes have shown improved outcomes in a number of European studies. The aim was to assess the effectiveness of a brief (2.5 days) psycho-educational intervention.
methodsOur randomized trial in a secondary-care setting had 54 and 60 participants allocated to intervention and control groups, respectively. Primary outcomes were HbA1c and severe hypoglycaemia. Secondary outcomes were blood pressure, weight, height, lipids and psychometric profile.
resultsHbA1c showed no statistically significant change at 3 months [difference = 0.01, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.23, 0.26, P = 0.92], 6 months (difference = -0.06, 95% CI -0.32, 0.20, P = 0.67) and 12 months (difference = 0.01, 95% CI -0.30, 0.32, P = 0.94). Incidence of severe hypoglycaemia (per patient per year) in the intervention group (0.41) and control group (0.48) was not statistically different. Treatment satisfaction improved at 3 months (difference = 9.4, 95% CI 5.2, 13.6, P = 0.0005), 6 months (difference = 10.4, 95% CI 6.0, 14.8, P = 0.0005) and 12 months (difference = 7.1, 95% CI 2.1, 12.1, P = 0.006). The 'Managing psychological aspects' and 'Setting and achieving goals' dimensions of the Diabetes Empowerment Scale also showed significant improvement at 3, 6 and 12 months. Diabetes Knowledge Test, Illness Perception Questionnaire, Hypoglycaemia Fear Scale and Short Form 36 showed no significant change.
conclusionsThis brief intervention had no significant impact on HbA(1c) or severe hypoglycaemia, but improved diabetes treatment satisfaction and patient empowerment. Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN75807800.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.