ArticleDiabetes care2009
Natural history of insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion in the progression from normal glucose tolerance to impaired fasting glycemia and impaired glucose tolerance: the Inter99 study.
Article in Diabetes care, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 93 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effect of Linagliptin + Metformin vs Metformin Alone on the Role of Pancreatic Islet Function, Insulin Resistance and Markers of Cardiovascular Risk in Patients With Prediabetes: Randomized Clinical Trial
Effect of Metformin on Healthy Live Birth After In-vitro Fertilization in Women With Prediabetes Mellitus: a Multicenter Double-blind Placebo Controlled Randomized Trial
Who cites it
93 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 213 citations in OpenAlex.
- Early Alterations in Glucose Homeostasis Associated with a Family History of Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Pooled it
- Surrogate measures of first-phase insulin secretion versus reference methods intravenous glucose tolerance test and hyperglycemic clamp: a systematic review and meta-analyses.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2024Pooled it
- Differences by sex in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus, impaired fasting glycaemia and impaired glucose tolerance in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Bulletin of the World Health Organization · 2013Pooled it
- Insulin resistance and risk of incident cardiovascular events in adults without diabetes: meta-analysis.PloS one · 2012Pooled it
- Effects of potato resistant starch intake on insulin sensitivity, related metabolic markers and appetite ratings in men and women at risk for type 2 diabetes: a pilot cross-over randomised controlled trial.Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association · 2021Trial
- Small changes in glucose variability induced by low and high glycemic index diets are not associated with changes in β-cell function in adults with pre-diabetes.Journal of diabetes and its complications · 2020Trial
- Protocol for a randomised controlled trial of the effect of dapagliflozin, metformin and exercise on glycaemic variability, body composition and cardiovascular risk in prediabetes (the PRE-D Trial).BMJ open · 2017 · on this mapTrial
- Changes in Weight and Glucose Can Protect Against Progression in Early Diabetes Independent of Improvements in β-Cell Function.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2016Trial
- Insulin and sex interactions in older adults with mild cognitive impairment.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2012Trial
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- Independent and synergistic effects of OGTT-based hyperglycemia phenotypes and gestational weight gain on feto-maternal outcomes in GDM.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
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- Enhanced prediction of cholecystectomy using obesity-modified TyG indices: a machine learning and SHAP-based study.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
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- Improving cardiometabolic multimorbidity prediction with a composite obesity-TyG index: a study of middle-aged and older adults in CHARLS.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2025Article
- Identifying Cardio-Metabolic Subtypes of Prediabetes Using Latent Class Analysis.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Association of the triglyceride-glucose index and its combination with obesity indices with cardio-renal-metabolic multimorbidity: two decades of follow-up in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2025Article
- Evaluative performance of TyG-ABSI versus traditional indices in relation to cardiovascular disease and mortality: evidence from the U.S. NHANES.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2025Article
- Atherosclerosis and Insulin Resistance: Is There a Link Between Them?Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Article
33 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThe aim of this study was to describe the natural history of insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity in the development of isolated impaired fasting glycemia (i-IFG), isolated impaired glucose tolerance (i-IGT), and combined IFG/IGT. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsBaseline and 5-year follow-up data from the Inter99 study were used. Individuals with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) at baseline and i-IFG, i-IGT, combined IFG/IGT, or NGT at the 5-year follow-up were examined with an oral glucose tolerance test (n = 3,145). Insulin sensitivity index (ISI), homeostasis model assessment of insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IS), early-phase insulin release (EPIR), and insulin secretion relative to insulin action (disposition index) were estimated.
resultsFive years before the pre-diabetes diagnoses (i-IFG, i-IGT, and IFG/IGT), ISI, HOMA-IS, EPIR, and disposition index were lower than in individuals who maintained NGT. During the 5-year follow-up, individuals developing i-IFG experienced a significant decline only in HOMA-IS, whereas individuals developing i-IGT experienced significant declines in ISI, EPIR, and disposition index. Individuals with IFG/IGT exhibited pronounced declines in ISI, HOMA-IS, EPIR, and disposition index during the 5-year follow-up.
conclusionsA stationary reduced insulin secretion followed by a decline in primarily hepatic insulin sensitivity characterizes the transition from NGT to i-IFG. In contrast, low whole-body insulin sensitivity with a secondary lack of beta-cell compensation is associated with the development of i-IGT. Thereby, i-IFG and i-IGT appear to result from different underlying mechanisms, which may have implications for the prevention and treatment of the diabetes that succeeds them.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.