SynthesisThe Cochrane database of systematic reviews2009
Low glycaemic index, or low glycaemic load, diets for diabetes mellitus.
Synthesis in The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 134 papers, 12 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Importance of Glycemic Index on Postprandial Glycemia and Insulinemia in the Context of the Addition of Fat to Carbohydrate Foods: A Randomized Controlled Trial on Spaghetti Versus Rice as Mixed Meals
The Effects of a Low Glycemic Load Diet on Dysglycemia and Body Composition in Adults With Cystic Fibrosis-Related Diabetes
Who cites it
134 citing papers in PubMed, 12 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Associations of Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load with Cardiovascular Disease: Updated Evidence from Meta-analysis and Cohort Studies.Current cardiology reports · 2022Pooled it
- Low-Glycemic Index Diets as an Intervention in Metabolic Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2022Pooled it
- Effect of low glycaemic index or load dietary patterns on glycaemic control and cardiometabolic risk factors in diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2021Pooled it
- Effects of Dietary Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load on Cardiometabolic and Reproductive Profiles in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Low glycaemic index diets for the prevention of cardiovascular disease.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Effect of Glycemic Index of Breakfast on Energy Intake at Subsequent Meal among Healthy People: A Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2016Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Associations of glycemic index and load with coronary heart disease events: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohorts.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2012Pooled it
- Low glycaemic index dietary interventions in youth with cystic fibrosis: a systematic review and discussion of the clinical implications.Nutrients · 2012Pooled it
- Macronutrients, food groups, and eating patterns in the management of diabetes: a systematic review of the literature, 2010.Diabetes care · 2012Pooled it
- Do the Types of Dietary Carbohydrate and Protein Affect Postprandial Glycemia in Type 1 Diabetes?Nutrients · 2025Trial
- Nurse-Led Mobile Phone Intervention to Promote Self-Management in Type 2 Diabetes in Ghana: A Randomized Controlled Trial.The science of diabetes self-management and care · 2025Trial
- Understanding the Impact of Different Doses of ReducoseNutrients · 2024Trial
- Effects of Spaghetti Differing in Soluble Fiber and Protein Content on Glycemic Responses in Humans: A Randomized Clinical Trial in Healthy Subjects.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Trial
- Effect of Dietary Glycemic Index on β-Cell Function in Prediabetes: A Randomized Controlled Feeding Study.Nutrients · 2022Trial
- Complete nutrition drink with retrograded starch is low glycemic, and the individual glucose response to the low glycemic complete nutrition drink depends on fasting insulin levels and HOMA-IR in a randomized cross-over control trial.Journal of nutritional science · 2022Trial
- Short-term effects of sugar-free apricot jam, cocoa powder and dried cranberry cereal bar on glycaemic responses in healthy adults: a randomised clinical trial.Journal of nutritional science · 2022Trial
- Blood glucose response to a calamansi drink in healthy adults: a non-randomised study.BMC research notes · 2020Trial
74 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe aim of diabetes management is to normalise blood glucose levels, since improved blood glucose control is associated with reduction in development, and progression, of complications. Nutritional factors affect blood glucose levels, however there is currently no universal approach to the optimal dietary treatment for diabetes. There is controversy about how useful the glycaemic index (GI) is in diabetic meal planning. Improved glycaemic control through diet could minimise medications, lessen risk of diabetic complications, improve quality of life and increase life expectancy.
objectivesTo assess the effects of low glycaemic index, or low glycaemic load, diets on glycaemic control in people with diabetes. SEARCH STRATEGY: We performed electronic searches of The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL with no language restriction. SELECTION CRITERIA: We assessed randomised controlled trials of four weeks or longer that compared a low glycaemic index, or low glycaemic load, diet with a higher glycaemic index, or load, or other diet for people with either type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus, whose diabetes was not already optimally controlled. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two reviewers independently extracted data on study population, intervention and outcomes for each included study, using standardised data extraction forms. MAIN
resultsEleven relevant randomised controlled trials involving 402 participants were identified. There was a significant decrease in the glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) parallel group of trials, the weighted mean difference (WMD) was -0.5% with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of - 0.9 to -0.1, P = 0.02; and in the cross-over group of trials the WMD was -0.5% with a 95% CI of -1.0 to -0.1, P = 0.03. Episodes of hypoglycaemia were significantly fewer with low compared to high GI diet in one trial (difference of -0.8 episodes per patient per month, P < 0.01), and proportion of participants reporting more than 15 hyperglycaemic episodes per month was lower for low-GI diet compared to measured carbohydrate exchange diet in another study (35% versus 66%, P = 0.006). No study reported on mortality, morbidity or costs. AUTHORS'
conclusionsA low-GI diet can improve glycaemic control in diabetes without compromising hypoglycaemic events.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.