ReviewJournal of the American College of Cardiology2009
Insulin as an anti-inflammatory and antiatherogenic modulator.
Review in Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 64 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
FLAT-SUGAR: FLuctuATion Reduction With inSULin and Glp-1 Added togetheR
Impact on the Oxidative Stress of the Different Analogues of Insulin in People With Type 1 Diabetes. Clinical Trial of Low Level of Intervention. (Ineox Study)
Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed.
- Use of flash glucose-sensing technology in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with liraglutide combined with CSII: a pilot study.Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologica · 2020Trial
- Effect of basal insulin supplement therapy on diabetic retinopathy in short-duration type 2 diabetes: A one-year randomized parallel-group trial.Journal of diabetes · 2019Trial
- Postprandial Effects of Breakfast Glycemic Index on Vascular Function among Young Healthy Adults: A Crossover Clinical Trial.Nutrients · 2017Trial
- Acute effects of post-absorptive and postprandial moderate exercise on markers of inflammation in hyperglycemic individuals.European journal of applied physiology · 2017Trial
- Acute effects of hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia on vascular inflammatory biomarkers and endothelial function in overweight and obese humans.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2015Trial
- Effect of hyperinsulinemia during hemodialysis on the insulin-like growth factor system and inflammatory biomarkers: a randomized open-label crossover study.BMC nephrology · 2013Trial
- Tight glycemic control versus standard care after pediatric cardiac surgery.The New England journal of medicine · 2012Trial
- The possible protective role of glucagon-like peptide 1 on endothelium during the meal and evidence for an "endothelial resistance" to glucagon-like peptide 1 in diabetes.Diabetes care · 2011Trial
- Effects of acute insulin-induced hypoglycemia on indices of inflammation: putative mechanism for aggravating vascular disease in diabetes.Diabetes care · 2010Trial
- Correlation between SHR and 28-day all-cause mortality risk in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage.BMC neurology · 2026Article
- Relationship between stress hyperglycemia ratio and gastrointestinal bleeding and mortality after coronary artery bypass grafting: a multicenter cohort study.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Impaired Glucose Metabolism in Young Patients with First-episode Schizophrenia Aged from 16 to 35 Years.Current neuropharmacology · 2026Article
- Reappraisal of cardiometabolic stress in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients receiving glimepiride versus insulin under bitherapy.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2025Article
- The Modern Role of Basal Insulin in Advancing Therapy in People With Type 2 Diabetes.Diabetes care · 2025Review
- Interplay between endogenous hormones and immune systems in human metapneumovirus pathogenesis and management.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Association between the stress hyperglycemia ratio and all-cause mortality in patients with hemorrhagic stroke: a retrospective analysis based on MIMIC-IV database.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Association between different hemoglobin glycation index and prognosis in patients with a first diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction: a retrospective study based on the MIMIC-IV database.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Article
- J-shaped relationship between stress hyperglycemia ratio and 90-day and 180-day mortality in patients with a first diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction: analysis of the MIMIC-IV database.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2024Article
- Prognostic significance of the stress hyperglycemia ratio in critically ill patients.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2023Article
- Diabetes Mellitus Is a Possible Risk Factor for the Development of Trochanteric Bursitis-A Large-Scale Population-Based Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Data demonstrate the anti-inflammatory effects of insulin and proinflammatory effects of glucose. These data provide a mechanistic justification for the benefits of maintaining euglycemia with insulin infusions in hospitalized patients. Regimens that infuse fixed doses of insulin with high rates of glucose are usually associated with hyperglycemia, which may neutralize the beneficial effects of insulin. Therefore, we propose that such regimens should be avoided and instead replaced by insulin infusions that normalize and maintain blood glucose at a reasonably low level and ensure that plasma insulin is maintained at levels high enough to provide clinically relevant anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective effects. Trials to test this hypothesis are in progress.
Indexed as
Identifiers
19179212What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.