Evidence map›Paper›PMID 19339401›Full record

Trial reportThe American journal of clinical nutrition2009

A low-fat vegan diet and a conventional diabetes diet in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: a randomized, controlled, 74-wk clinical trial.

Neal D Barnard, Joshua Cohen, David J A Jenkins, Gabrielle Turner-McGrievy, Lise Gloede, Amber Green, Hope Ferdowsian

2 registry-linked trialsOpen access · greenAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 191 papers, 26 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
191citing papers in PubMed, 26 pooled it
21.9field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT00276939 nacompletednot on this map

Plant-Based Dietary Intervention in Type 2 Diabetes

TypeinterventionalSponsorPhysicians Committee for Responsible MedicineRan2003 to 2006Enrolled99ConditionsDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2ArmsLow-fat, low-Glycemic Index, vegan diet
NCT03610828 unknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2017, after this paper: background citation

Relation of Vegetarian Diets With Incident Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies

TypeobservationalSponsorUniversity of TorontoRan2017 to 2018Enrolled1ConditionsCardiovascular Diseases, Coronary Heart Disease, Stroke, MortalityArmsVegetarian or Vegan Diets
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

191 citing papers in PubMed, 26 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 448 citations in OpenAlex.

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  6. American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline: Developing a Diabetes Mellitus Comprehensive Care Plan-2022 Update.Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists · 2022
    Guideline
  7. Effects of vegan diets on cardiometabolic health: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2022
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  11. Reduction in saturated fat intake for cardiovascular disease.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020
    Pooled it
  12. Effects of total fat intake on body fatness in adults.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020
    Pooled it
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  14. Reduction in saturated fat intake for cardiovascular disease.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020
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131 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 1 institution in 3 countries.

Neal D BarnardDepartment of Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA. nbarnard@pcrm.org
Joshua Cohen
David J A Jenkins
Gabrielle Turner-McGrievy
Lise Gloede
Amber Green
Hope Ferdowsian
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill · US

Funding

Plant-Based Dietry Intervention in Type 2 DiabetesR01DK059362 · NIDDK · PHYSICIANS COMMITTEE FOR RESPONSIBLE MED · PI BARNARD, NEAL D · 2003 to 2004
$351k
NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK059362-01A2
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundLow-fat vegetarian and vegan diets are associated with weight loss, increased insulin sensitivity, and improved cardiovascular health.

objectiveWe compared the effects of a low-fat vegan diet and conventional diabetes diet recommendations on glycemia, weight, and plasma lipids.

designFree-living individuals with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to a low-fat vegan diet (n = 49) or a diet following 2003 American Diabetes Association guidelines (conventional, n = 50) for 74 wk. Glycated hemoglobin (Hb A(1c)) and plasma lipids were assessed at weeks 0, 11, 22, 35, 48, 61, and 74. Weight was measured at weeks 0, 22, and 74.

resultsWeight loss was significant within each diet group but not significantly different between groups (-4.4 kg in the vegan group and -3.0 kg in the conventional diet group, P = 0.25) and related significantly to Hb A(1c) changes (r = 0.50, P = 0.001). Hb A(1c) changes from baseline to 74 wk or last available values were -0.34 and -0.14 for vegan and conventional diets, respectively (P = 0.43). Hb A(1c) changes from baseline to last available value or last value before any medication adjustment were -0.40 and 0.01 for vegan and conventional diets, respectively (P = 0.03). In analyses before alterations in lipid-lowering medications, total cholesterol decreased by 20.4 and 6.8 mg/dL in the vegan and conventional diet groups, respectively (P = 0.01); LDL cholesterol decreased by 13.5 and 3.4 mg/dL in the vegan and conventional groups, respectively (P = 0.03).

conclusionsBoth diets were associated with sustained reductions in weight and plasma lipid concentrations. In an analysis controlling for medication changes, a low-fat vegan diet appeared to improve glycemia and plasma lipids more than did conventional diabetes diet recommendations. Whether the observed differences provide clinical benefit for the macro- or microvascular complications of diabetes remains to be established. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00276939.

Indexed as

Diet, Fat-RestrictedDiet, VegetarianWeight LossBlood GlucoseBody WeightCholesterolDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Dietary FatsDietary SupplementsDiet RecordsGlycated HemoglobinHumansLipoproteins, HDLLipoproteins, LDLTime FactorsVitamin B 12Blood GlucoseCholesterolDietary FatsGlycated HemoglobinLipoproteins, HDLLipoproteins, LDLVitamin B 12

Identifiers

PMID19339401
PMCPMC2677007
OpenAlexW2114345764

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.