Trial reportThe New England journal of medicine2009
Cold-activated brown adipose tissue in healthy men.
Trial report in The New England journal of medicine, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to 6 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 1,782 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Energy Expenditure Responses to Different Temperatures
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Brown Adipose Tissue Activity and Thyroid Hormone
Effect of Monounsaturated Fatty Acids Consumption in Brown/Beige Adipose Tissue Activity in Human Adults
BAT as a Therapeutic for the Metabolic and Cardiac Dysfunction With Senescence Pilot
Change of Adipose Tissues and Triglyceride in Obese Patients With Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease After Bariatric Surgery or Life-style Intervention
Who cites it
1,782 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 3,421 citations in OpenAlex.
- Thermogenic Differentiation of Human Adipocyte Precursors in Culture: A Systematic Review.Cells · 2025Pooled it
- Towards a consensus atlas of human and mouse adipose tissue at single-cell resolution.Nature metabolism · 2025Guideline
- New Mediators in the Crosstalk between Different Adipose Tissues.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Effects of mirabegron on brown adipose tissue and metabolism in humans: A systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2024Pooled it
- The effect of breathing exercises and mindset with or without cold exposure on mental and physical health in persons with a spinal cord injury-Results of a randomized controlled trial.Clinical rehabilitation · 2026Trial
- Fructose-induced FGF21 secretion does not activate brown adipose tissue in Japanese young men: randomized cross-over and randomized controlled trials.Journal of physiological anthropology · 2024Trial
- Understanding adipocyte heterogeneity across species, depot, and disease.Biochemical Society transactions · 2026Review
- Improving incretin-mediated body weight loss via energy expenditure.Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM · 2026Review
- Cold exposure aggravates vein occlusion through non-shivering thermogenesis-induced thrombocytopoiesis.Cell research · 2026Article
- Adipose Tissue Heterogeneity: Depot-Specific Location and Functional Specialization in Obesity-Related Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Macrophage-derived itaconate is a negative regulator of adipose tissue thermogenesis.Nature metabolism · 2026Article
- Cold-Induced Lipidomic Remodelling Is Associated With Brown Adipose Tissue Mean Radiodensity in Humans.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- Phosphomannomutase 1 restrains adipose thermogenic programming via inosine signaling.Molecular metabolism · 2026Article
- Sweat glands in action: the role of biological and environmental factors, exercise, and dermatologic conditions in sudomotor function.The Korean journal of physiology & pharmacology : official journal of the Korean Physiological Society and the Korean Society of Pharmacology · 2026Review
- Adipocyte Myoglobin Is a Determinant of Energy Expenditure and a Potential Target to Limit Obesity.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Succinate Prevents Mice Obesity by Enhancing Brown Adipocyte Thermogenesis via the SDH-METTL3-HIF1A Pathway.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Past, present, and future of thermogenic fat research: A bibliometric analysis from 2000 to 2023.Medicine · 2026Review
- HuR-dependent expression of RyR2 contributes to calcium-mediated thermogenesis in murine brown adipocytes.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Extracellular vesicles enriched with mitochondrial components from intermittently cold-exposed adipose tissue drive metabolically active adipose regeneration via miR-296-3p.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- A Structural Context for the Mechanisms of Uncoupling Protein 1 in Brown Fat Thermogenesis.Acta physiologica (Oxford, England) · 2026Review
1,722 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundStudies in animals indicate that brown adipose tissue is important in the regulation of body weight, and it is possible that individual variation in adaptive thermogenesis can be attributed to variations in the amount or activity of brown adipose tissue. Until recently, the presence of brown adipose tissue was thought to be relevant only in small mammals and infants, with negligible physiologic relevance in adult humans. We performed a systematic examination of the presence, distribution, and activity of brown adipose tissue in lean and obese men during exposure to cold temperature. Brown-adipose-tissue activity was studied in relation to body composition and energy metabolism.
methodsWe studied 24 healthy men--10 who were lean (body-mass index [BMI] [the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters], < 25) and 14 who were overweight or obese (BMI, > or = 25)--under thermoneutral conditions (22 degrees C) and during mild cold exposure (16 degrees C). Putative brown-adipose-tissue activity was determined with the use of integrated (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography and computed tomography. Body composition and energy expenditure were measured with the use of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and indirect calorimetry.
resultsBrown-adipose-tissue activity was observed in 23 of the 24 subjects (96%) during cold exposure but not under thermoneutral conditions. The activity was significantly lower in the overweight or obese subjects than in the lean subjects (P=0.007). BMI and percentage of body fat both had significant negative correlations with brown adipose tissue, whereas resting metabolic rate had a significant positive correlation.
conclusionsThe percentage of young men with brown adipose tissue is high, but its activity is reduced in men who are overweight or obese. Brown adipose tissue may be metabolically important in men, and the fact that it is reduced yet present in most overweight or obese subjects may make it a target for the treatment of obesity.
Indexed as
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.