ArticleDiabetologia2009
Pathophysiology and aetiology of impaired fasting glycaemia and impaired glucose tolerance: does it matter for prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes?
Article in Diabetologia, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 120 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effect of Linagliptin + Metformin vs Metformin Alone on the Role of Pancreatic Islet Function, Insulin Resistance and Markers of Cardiovascular Risk in Patients With Prediabetes: Randomized Clinical Trial
Effect of Low Dose Combination of Linagliptin and Metformin to Improve Pancreatic Beta Cell Function, Insulin Resistance and Cardiovascular Function in Patients With Prediabetes and Overweight/Obesity: Randomizer Clinical Trial
Open the trial in the graphWho cites it
120 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 245 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex-specific differences in the prevalence of intermediate hyperglycaemia states: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2026Pooled it
- Early effective intervention can significantly reduce all-cause mortality in prediabetic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis based on high-quality clinical studies.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Pooled it
- Comparing different definitions of prediabetes with subsequent risk of diabetes: an individual participant data meta-analysis involving 76 513 individuals and 8208 cases of incident diabetes.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2019Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Gender-based differences in glycaemic control and hypoglycaemia prevalence in patients with type 2 diabetes: results from patient-level pooled data of six randomized controlled trials.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2015Pooled it
- Prediabetes and the risk of cancer: a meta-analysis.Diabetologia · 2014Pooled it
- Trial
- Protocol for a randomised controlled trial of the effect of dapagliflozin, metformin and exercise on glycaemic variability, body composition and cardiovascular risk in prediabetes (the PRE-D Trial).BMJ open · 2017 · on this mapTrial
- Effects and mechanism of moderate aerobic exercise on impaired fasting glucose improvement.Lipids in health and disease · 2015Trial
- Associations of objectively measured sedentary behaviour and physical activity with markers of cardiometabolic health.Diabetologia · 2013Trial
- The effects of free-living interval-walking training on glycemic control, body composition, and physical fitness in type 2 diabetic patients: a randomized, controlled trial.Diabetes care · 2013Trial
- Sex differences in glucose levels: a consequence of physiology or methodological convenience? The Inter99 study.Diabetologia · 2010Trial
- Chromium effects on glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in persons at risk for diabetes mellitus.Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical EndocrinologistsTrial
- Article
- Compositional analyses of accelerometer-measured 24-h movement behaviors among adults with normoglycemia, pre-diabetes phenotypes, and diabetes: a population-based study.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2026Article
- Biodegradable microneedles for transdermal sitagliptin delivery: in vivo insights into enhanced diabetes management.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- Not all prediabetes is the same in its effect for bone health.The Korean journal of internal medicine · 2026Article
- Trabecular bone score differs among prediabetes phenotypes: the potential mediating role of visceral adiposity.The Korean journal of internal medicine · 2026Article
- Delayed insulin secretion in the early postpartum period is associated with future abnormal glucose metabolism among women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- The Natural History of Prediabetes and Cardiovascular Disease in the Pediatric Population.Biomedicines · 2026Review
60 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Prior to the development of type 2 diabetes, glucose levels increase into the prediabetic states of isolated impaired fasting glycaemia (i-IFG), isolated impaired glucose tolerance (i-IGT), or combined IFG/IGT. A better understanding of the aetiology and pathophysiology of the prediabetic states might give a basis for the development of individualised prevention and treatment strategies for type 2 diabetes. Several studies have examined mechanisms and potential aetiological factors leading to the development of the different prediabetic states. The pathophysiology of i-IFG seems to include the following key defects: reduced hepatic insulin sensitivity, stationary beta cell dysfunction and/or chronic low beta cell mass, altered glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion and inappropriately elevated glucagon secretion. Conversely, the prediabetic state i-IGT is characterised by reduced peripheral insulin sensitivity, near-normal hepatic insulin sensitivity, progressive loss of beta cell function, reduced secretion of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and inappropriately elevated glucagon secretion. Individuals developing combined IFG/IGT exhibit severe defects in both peripheral and hepatic insulin sensitivity as well as a progressive loss of beta cell function. The aetiologies of i-IFG and i-IGT also seem to differ, with i-IFG being predominantly related to genetic factors, smoking and male sex, while i-IGT is predominantly related to physical inactivity, unhealthy diet and short stature. Since the transition from the prediabetic states to overt type 2 diabetes is characterised by a non-reversible vicious cycle that includes severe deleterious effects on glucose metabolism, there are good reasons to use the well-established aetiological and pathophysiological differences in i-IFG, i-IGT and IFG/IGT to design individualised preventive strategies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.