ReviewBiochemical pharmacology2010
Good night and good luck: norepinephrine in sleep pharmacology.
Review in Biochemical pharmacology, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 161 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effects of progressive muscle relaxation on sleep quality in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- To sleep or not to sleep: a systematic review of the literature of pharmacological treatments of insomnia in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology · 2013Pooled it
- The relationship of sleep duration and insomnia to risk of hypertension incidence: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2013Pooled it
- A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of venlafaxine extended release and a long-term extension study for patients with major depressive disorder in Japan.International clinical psychopharmacology · 2016Trial
- Trial
- Restorative or Disruptive? Effects of Antidepressants on Sleep Architecture in Depression.CNS drugs · 2026Review
- Spatiotemporally dynamic noradrenergic regulation of cortical networks.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Brainstem circuit for sickness-induced sleep.Science advances · 2025Article
- Essence of Chicken Supplementation Alters Brain and Blood Metabolite Signatures in Sleep-Deprived Mice.Metabolites · 2025Article
- Interplay Between Vestibular Dysfunction and Sleep Disorders.Current medical science · 2025Review
- The Neurometabolic Function of the Dopamine-Aminotransferase System.Metabolites · 2025Review
- Impaired modulation of the trigeminal caudal nucleus by the locus coeruleus in diabetic mice: the role of GABAergic and glycinergic neurons.Frontiers in neuroanatomy · 2025Article
- Relationship between Serum Neurotransmitters and Cognitive Impairment in Adults with Obstructive Sleep Apnea.Nature and science of sleep · 2025Article
- Insomnia treatment based on the regulation of the GABAergic system: traditional Chinese medicine perspectives and therapeutic approaches.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Review
- Pharmacological Mechanisms of SLC6 Neurotransmitter Transporter Inhibition.Advances in neurobiology · 2025Review
- Generation of locus coeruleus norepinephrine neurons from human pluripotent stem cells.Nature biotechnology · 2024Article
- Pain-Insomnia-Depression Syndrome: Triangular Relationships, Pathobiological Correlations, Current Treatment Modalities, and Future Direction.Pain and therapy · 2024Review
- Terpenoids derived fromHeliyon · 2024Article
- Genetic disruption of dopamine β-hydroxylase dysregulates innate responses to predator odor in mice.Neurobiology of stress · 2024Article
- Anti-insomnia Effect of a Polyherbal Formulation on P-chlorophenyalanine Induced Experimental Animal Model.Neurochemical research · 2024Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Sleep is a crucial biological process that is regulated through complex interactions between multiple brain regions and neuromodulators. As sleep disorders can have deleterious impacts on health and quality of life, a wide variety of pharmacotherapies have been developed to treat conditions of excessive wakefulness and excessive sleepiness. The neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE), through its involvement in the ascending arousal system, impacts the efficacy of many wake- and sleep-promoting medications. Wake-promoting drugs such as amphetamine and modafinil increase extracellular levels of NE, enhancing transmission along the wake-promoting pathway. GABAergic sleep-promoting medications like benzodiazepines and benzodiazepine-like drugs that act more specifically on benzodiazepine receptors increase the activity of GABA, which inhibits NE transmission and the wake-promoting pathway. Melatonin and related compounds increase sleep by suppressing the activity of the neurons in the brain's circadian clock, and NE influences the synthesis of melatonin. Antihistamines block the wake-promoting effects of histamine, which shares reciprocal signaling with NE. Many antidepressants that affect the signaling of NE are also used for treatment of insomnia. Finally, adrenergic receptor antagonists that are used to treat cardiovascular disorders have considerable sedative effects. Therefore, NE, long known for its role in maintaining general arousal, is also a crucial player in sleep pharmacology. The purpose of this review is to consider the role of NE in the actions of wake- and sleep-promoting drugs within the framework of the brain arousal systems.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.