Trial reportDiabetologia2010
Sex differences in glucose levels: a consequence of physiology or methodological convenience? The Inter99 study.
Trial report in Diabetologia, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 125 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex-specific differences in the prevalence of intermediate hyperglycaemia states: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2026Pooled it
- Sex as a Biological Factor in the Changes in Disease Patients During Ramadan Intermittent Fasting: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Pooled it
- Sex-dimorphic genetic effects and novel loci for fasting glucose and insulin variability.Nature communications · 2021Pooled it
- Gender-based differences in glycaemic control and hypoglycaemia prevalence in patients with type 2 diabetes: results from patient-level pooled data of six randomized controlled trials.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2015Pooled it
- Differences by sex in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus, impaired fasting glycaemia and impaired glucose tolerance in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Bulletin of the World Health Organization · 2013Pooled it
- A whole-grain diet reduces peripheral insulin resistance and improves glucose kinetics in obese adults: A randomized-controlled trial.Metabolism: clinical and experimental · 2018Trial
- Differences in physiological response to an oral glucose tolerance test in adult Maasai men and women.Acta diabetologica · 2026Article
- Sex-Specific Regulation of Glycemic Homeostasis by Theabrownin from Pu-erh Tea.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Revisiting Glycemic Control Targets: Survival Outcomes by Glycated Hemoglobin Levels Among Patients With Diabetes Under Contemporary Antidiabetic Therapy.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Sex Differences in Fasting Glucose Levels among Non-diabetic Japanese: Men Exhibit Higher Levels Than Women.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2026Article
- Sex differences in iron stores and associations of body iron with cardiovascular risk factors in the middle-aged general population.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Sex Differences in Diet and Physical Activity Behaviors Among Racial/Ethnic Minority Adolescents with High Metabolic Risk.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Elevated mean arterial pressure and risk of impaired fasting glucose: a multicenter cohort study revealing age and sex interactions.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Gender differences in the relationship between depressive symptoms and diabetes associated with cognitive-affective symptoms.BJPsych open · 2024Article
- Advances in clinical research on glucagon.Diabetology international · 2024Review
- Consideration of sex as a biological variable in diabetes research across twenty years.Biology of sex differences · 2024Article
- Genome-wide association studies: utility and limitations for research in physiology.The Journal of physiology · 2023Article
- Sex differences in islet stress responses support female β cell resilience.Molecular metabolism · 2023Article
- A comparison of urinary bladder weight in male and female mice across five models of diabetes and obesity.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- Sex Differences in Glucose Homeostasis.Handbook of experimental pharmacology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
aims/hypothesisWe aimed to examine whether sex differences in fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2 h post-OGTT plasma glucose (2hPG) and HbA(1c) could be explained by differences in body size and/or body composition between men and women in a general non-diabetic Danish population. Moreover, we aimed to study to what degree the newly suggested high-risk HbA(1c) criteria overlapped with the current OGTT-based criteria of glucose intolerance.
methodsWe used cross-sectional data from 6,006 non-diabetic men and women. HbA(1c) and FPG levels were measured and a 75 g OGTT was performed in all individuals. Height, weight and waist and hip circumferences were measured and BMI was calculated. Data were analysed in age-adjusted linear regression models.
resultsMen had higher FPG and HbA(1c) levels than women, and women had higher 2hPG levels than men. Sex differences in 2hPG levels were explained by differences in height and FPG levels, but sex differences in FPG or HbA(1c) levels were not explained by anthropometric measures. Among individuals with HbA(1c) in the high-risk range (6.0-6.5%), 73% had normal glucose tolerance. CONCLUSIONS/
interpretationSex differences in 2hPG levels after an OGTT may to some extent be a consequence of giving the same amount of glucose to individuals with different body size. In contrast, sex differences in FPG and HbA(1c) levels are likely to have a true physiological basis. In clinical practice, the HbA(1c) assay may be more convenient than the OGTT, but it is important to note that different populations are identified by the two methods.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.