ArticleDiabetes2010
Effect of endogenous GLP-1 on insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes.
Article in Diabetes, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07224334 (Alpha to Beta Cell Communication in Health and Disease), which is not on this map. Cited by 56 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Alpha to Beta Cell Communication in Health and Disease
Open the trial in the graphWho cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 124 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of medium-chain triglycerides and whey protein isolate preloads on glycaemia in type 2 diabetes: a randomized crossover study.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Trial
- Effect of high intakes of protein-only and carbohydrate-only on plasma metabolites and hormones, in addition to nitrogen excretion.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Trial
- Weight Loss-Independent Effect of Liraglutide on Insulin Sensitivity in Individuals With Obesity and Prediabetes.Diabetes · 2024Trial
- Pre-Meal Whey Protein Alters Postprandial Insulinemia by Enhancing β-Cell Function and Reducing Insulin Clearance in T2D.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2023Trial
- Short-term administration of the GLP-1 analog liraglutide decreases circulating leptin and increases GIP levels and these changes are associated with alterations in CNS responses to food cues: A randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study.Metabolism: clinical and experimental · 2016Trial
- β-Cell Sensitivity to GLP-1 in Healthy Humans Is Variable and Proportional to Insulin Sensitivity.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2015Trial
- L-glutamine and whole protein restore first-phase insulin response and increase glucagon-like peptide-1 in type 2 diabetes patients.Nutrients · 2015Trial
- Xenin-25 delays gastric emptying and reduces postprandial glucose levels in humans with and without type 2 diabetes.American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology · 2014Trial
- Trial
- Glutamine reduces postprandial glycemia and augments the glucagon-like peptide-1 response in type 2 diabetes patients.The Journal of nutrition · 2011Trial
- The molecular mechanisms of incretin resistance in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).Nutrition & diabetes · 2026Review
- GLP-1 agonists and the gut microbiome: A bidirectional relationship.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Review
- Environmental pollutants and the gut microbiota: mechanistic links from exposure to systemic disease.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Efficacy of Dual Glucagon and GLP-1 Agonists as New Treatments for Type II Diabetes.Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Islet hormones at the intersection of glucose and amino acid metabolism.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2025Review
- β-cell heterogeneity and molecular plasticity in type 2 diabetes: multi-omics perspectives and the role of gut microbiota.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor blockade impairs islet secretion and glucose metabolism in humans.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2023Article
- Assessment of the incretin effect in healthy subjects: concordance between clamp and OGTT methods.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2023Article
- GIPR/GLP-1R dual agonist therapies for diabetes and weight loss-chemistry, physiology, and clinical applications.Cell metabolism · 2023Review
- Insight into Structure Activity Relationship of DPP-4 Inhibitors for Development of Antidiabetic Agents.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe incretins glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) account for up to 60% of postprandial insulin release in healthy people. Previous studies showed a reduced incretin effect in patients with type 2 diabetes but a robust response to exogenous GLP-1. The primary goal of this study was to determine whether endogenous GLP-1 regulates insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes.
methodsTwelve patients with well-controlled type 2 diabetes and eight matched nondiabetic subjects consumed a breakfast meal containing D-xylose during fixed hyperglycemia at 5 mmol/l above fasting levels. Studies were repeated, once with infusion of the GLP-1 receptor antagonist, exendin-(9-39) (Ex-9), and once with saline.
resultsThe relative increase in insulin secretion after meal ingestion was comparable in diabetic and nondiabetic groups (44 +/- 4% vs. 47 +/- 7%). Blocking the action of GLP-1 suppressed postprandial insulin secretion similarly in the diabetic and nondiabetic subjects (25 +/- 4% vs. 27 +/- 8%). However, Ex-9 also reduced the insulin response to intravenous glucose (25 +/- 5% vs. 26 +/- 7%; diabetic vs. nondiabetic subjects), when plasma GLP-1 levels were undetectable. The appearance of postprandial ingested d-xylose in the blood was not affected by Ex-9.
conclusionsThese findings indicate that in patients with well-controlled diabetes, the relative effects of enteral stimuli and endogenous GLP-1 to enhance insulin release are retained and comparable with those in nondiabetic subjects. Surprisingly, GLP-1 receptor signaling promotes glucose-stimulated insulin secretion independent of the mode of glucose entry. Based on rates of D-xylose absorption, GLP-1 receptor blockade did not affect gastric emptying of a solid meal.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.