Trial reportArchives of internal medicine2010
Long-term effects of a lifestyle intervention on weight and cardiovascular risk factors in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus: four-year results of the Look AHEAD trial.
Trial report in Archives of internal medicine, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 10 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 607 papers, 13 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Improving Beta Cell Function in Mexican American Women With Prediabetes
The Effect of Sodium Glucose Co-transporter 2 Inhibitor (dapagliflozin) on Weight Loss in Non-diabetic Adults with Obesity: Triple-blinded, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Trial.
Look AHEAD: Action for Health in Diabetes
Healthy Creations: Community Based Lifestyle Intervention Validation
Treating Type 2 Diabetes by Reducing Postprandial Glucose Elevations: A Paradigm Shift in Lifestyle Modification
Benefits of Adding Continuous Glucose Monitoring to Glycemic Load, Exercise, and Monitoring of Blood Glucose (GEM) for Adults With Type 2 Diabetes - Phase 2
A Lifestyle Intervention for Type 2 Diabetes Patients in Kuwait and Its Impact on Glycaemic Control
Open, Randomized, Unicenter Study Comparing Metabolic Surgery With Intensive Medical Therapy to Treat Diabetic Kidney Disease
Testing the Effectiveness of Different Messaging Approaches to Increase Doctor Visits to Confirm or Exclude a Diagnosis of Prediabetes or Diabetes Amongst Individuals With Risk Factors for Diabetes: A Randomised, Controlled Trial
Metabolic Syndrome and Severe Obesity: Randomized Nutritional Trial to Study Long Term Effect of Very-low-calories Ketogenic Diet (VLCKD) on Weight Control and Cardiovascular Risk Factors
Who cites it
607 citing papers in PubMed, 13 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,164 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex Differences in the Efficacy of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists for Weight Reduction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of diabetes · 2025 · on this mapPooled it
- Diabetic Foot Ulcer Beyond Wound Closure: Clinical Practice Guideline.Physical therapy · 2025Guideline
- What should the doctor prescribe-formula diet or antidiabetics? Effectiveness of formula diet-based lifestyle intervention vs. pharmacological antiglycemic therapy on weight loss and HbA1c reduction in type 2 diabetes patients-a systematic review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Pooled it
- 2023 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diabetes Management in Korea: Full Version Recommendation of the Korean Diabetes Association.Diabetes & metabolism journal · 2024Guideline
- The Effect of Including eHealth in Dietary Interventions for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes with Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2023Pooled it
- Weight regain and mental health outcomes following behavioural weight management programmes: A systematic review with meta-analyses.Clinical obesity · 2023Pooled it
- American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline: Developing a Diabetes Mellitus Comprehensive Care Plan-2022 Update.Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists · 2022Guideline
- Low-carbohydrate versus balanced-carbohydrate diets for reducing weight and cardiovascular risk.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Bidirectional association between depression and diabetic nephropathy by meta-analysis.PloS one · 2022Pooled it
- Diet, adiposity, and the gut microbiota from infancy to adolescence: A systematic review.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2021Pooled it
- Long-term effects (> 24 months) of multiple lifestyle intervention on major cardiovascular risk factors among high-risk subjects: a meta-analysis.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2021Pooled it
- Impact of DSMES app interventions on medication adherence in type 2 diabetes mellitus: systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ health & care informatics · 2021Pooled it
- Walking for hypertension.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Intragastric Balloon Treatment Enhances Weight Maintenance Adjunct to Low-Energy Diet and Group-Based Cognitive Behavioural Therapy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Effect of a behavioral counseling for adoption and maintenance of a physically active lifestyle on long-term mortality in people with type 2 diabetes: post hoc analysis of the Italian Diabetes and Exercise Study_2.Nature communications · 2026Trial
- Achieving Diabetes Remission Through Dietary Intervention: A 12-Month Randomized Controlled Trial of Caloric-Carbohydrate Restriction in Overweight Patients With Early-Stage Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Journal of diabetes research · 2026Trial
- The effect of a community-based health behaviour intervention on health-related quality of life in people with Type 2 diabetes in Nepal: a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2025Trial
- Effect of weight loss through dietary interventions on cardiometabolic health in older adults.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2025Trial
- Impact of a health coaching intervention on anthropometric indicators, physical activity, and life style of infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A quasi-experimental study.BMC research notes · 2025Trial
547 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundLifestyle interventions produce short-term improvements in glycemia and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus, but no long-term data are available. We examined the effects of lifestyle intervention on changes in weight, fitness, and CVD risk factors during a 4-year study.
methodsThe Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) trial is a multicenter randomized clinical trial comparing the effects of an intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) and diabetes support and education (DSE; the control group) on the incidence of major CVD events in 5145 overweight or obese individuals (59.5% female; mean age, 58.7 years) with type 2 diabetes mellitus. More than 93% of participants provided outcomes data at each annual assessment.
resultsAveraged across 4 years, ILI participants had a greater percentage of weight loss than DSE participants (-6.15% vs -0.88%; P < .001) and greater improvements in treadmill fitness (12.74% vs 1.96%; P < .001), hemoglobin A(1c) level (-0.36% vs -0.09%; P < .001), systolic (-5.33 vs -2.97 mm Hg; P < .001) and diastolic (-2.92 vs -2.48 mm Hg; P = .01) blood pressure, and levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (3.67 vs 1.97 mg/dL; P < .001) and triglycerides (-25.56 vs -19.75 mg/dL; P < .001). Reductions in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were greater in DSE than ILI participants (-11.27 vs -12.84 mg/dL; P = .009) owing to greater use of medications to lower lipid levels in the DSE group. At 4 years, ILI participants maintained greater improvements than DSE participants in weight, fitness, hemoglobin A(1c) levels, systolic blood pressure, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels.
conclusionsIntensive lifestyle intervention can produce sustained weight loss and improvements in fitness, glycemic control, and CVD risk factors in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Whether these differences in risk factors translate to reduction in CVD events will ultimately be addressed by the Look AHEAD trial.
trial registrationclinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00017953.
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Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.