ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2010
Pituitary growth hormone network responses are sexually dimorphic and regulated by gonadal steroids in adulthood.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 87 citations in OpenAlex.
- Influence of gender and sexual hormones on outcomes after pituitary surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Acta neurochirurgica · 2023Pooled it
- Regulated recovery of pulsatile growth hormone secretion from negative feedback: a preclinical investigation.American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology · 2011Trial
- BDNF regulates pituitary stem cell engagement toward precursor state.Stem cell reports · 2026Article
- Cumulative effects of lifelong systemic excess growth hormone on postcranial skeletal morphology in adult mice.Journal of anatomy · 2026Article
- BDNF Regulates Pituitary Stem Cell Engagement towards precursor state.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- GABA Enhances Growth Hormone Expression by Modulating Somatotroph Pit-1 Transcription via Activation of Calmodulin-Dependent Kinases.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Clinical and Genetic Spectrum of Large AIP Deletions.Human mutation · 2026Article
- Sex Hormones and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Spatially bound functional heterogeneity drives modular organization in β-cell networks.Biophysical journal · 2025Article
- Update on regulation of GHRH and its actions on GH secretion in health and disease.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2025Review
- Diagnosis and therapeutic approach to bone health in patients with hypopituitarism.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2024Review
- Resistance exercise stress: theoretical mechanisms for growth hormone processing and release from the anterior pituitary somatotroph.European journal of applied physiology · 2023Review
- Revealing Low Amplitude Signals of Neuroendocrine Cells through Disordered Silicon Nanowires-Based Microelectrode Array.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2023Article
- Spatial distribution of heterogeneity as a modulator of collective dynamics in pancreatic beta-cell networks and beyond.Frontiers in network physiology · 2023Article
- A New Perspective on Regulation of Pituitary Plasticity: The Network of SOX2-Positive Cells May Coordinate Responses to Challenge.Endocrinology · 2022Article
- Increased testicular insulin-like growth factor 1 is associated with gonadal activation by recombinant growth hormone in immature rats.Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E · 2022Article
- FOXO Transcription Factors Are Required for Normal Somatotrope Function and Growth.Endocrinology · 2022Article
- Regulation of Sexually Dimorphic Expression of Major Urinary Proteins.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Review
- Seasonal influence on the bathymetric distribution of an endangered fish within a marine protected area.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Growth Hormone Pulses and Liver Gene Expression Are Differentially Regulated by the Circadian Clock Gene Bmal1.Endocrinology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
There are well-recognized sex differences in many pituitary endocrine axes, usually thought to be generated by gonadal steroid imprinting of the neuroendocrine hypothalamus. However, the recognition that growth hormone (GH) cells are arranged in functionally organized networks raises the possibility that the responses of the network are different in males and females. We studied this by directly monitoring the calcium responses to an identical GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) stimulus in populations of individual GH cells in slices taken from male and female murine GH-eGFP pituitary glands. We found that the GH cell network responses are sexually dimorphic, with a higher proportion of responding cells in males than in females, correlated with greater GH release from male slices. Repetitive waves of calcium spiking activity were triggered by GHRH in some males, but were never observed in females. This was not due to a permanent difference in the network architecture between male and female mice; rather, the sex difference in the proportions of GH cells responding to GHRH were switched by postpubertal gonadectomy and reversed with hormone replacements, suggesting that the network responses are dynamically regulated in adulthood by gonadal steroids. Thus, the pituitary gland contributes to the sexually dimorphic patterns of GH secretion that play an important role in differences in growth and metabolism between the sexes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.