Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21216850›Full record

SynthesisDiabetes care2011

Efficacy of insulin analogs in achieving the hemoglobin A1c target of <7% in type 2 diabetes: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Dario Giugliano, Maria Ida Maiorino, Giuseppe Bellastella, Paolo Chiodini, Antonio Ceriello, Katherine Esposito

Open access · hybridAbstract readMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Diabetes care, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
61citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
9.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

61 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 127 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  19. Gaps Remain for Achieving HbA1c Targets for People with Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes Using Insulin: Results from NHANES 2009-2020.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2023
    Article
  20. Review

1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Dario GiuglianoDepartment of Geriatrics and Metabolic Diseases, Second University of Naples, Italy. dario.giugliano@unina2.it
Maria Ida Maiorino
Giuseppe Bellastella
Paolo Chiodini
Antonio Ceriello
Katherine Esposito
University of Naples Federico II · ITConsorci Institut D'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer · ESUniversity of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveInsulin analogs are increasingly used in patients with type 2 diabetes. We compared the effect of basal, biphasic, prandial, and basal-bolus insulin regimens with insulin analogs to reach the hemoglobin A(1c) (HbA(1c)) target of <7% in people with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND

methodsWe conducted an electronic search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving insulin analogs. RCTs were included if they lasted at least 12 weeks, reported the proportion of diabetic patients reaching the HbA(1c) target of <7% (primary outcome), and the number of patients in any arm was >30.

resultsWe found 16 RCTs, with 20 comparisons and 7,759 patients. A greater proportion of patients achieved the HbA(1c) goal of <7% with both biphasic (odds ratio 1.88 [95% CI 1.38-2.55]) and prandial (2.07 [1.16-3.69]) insulin compared with basal insulin; this was associated for biphasic insulin with greater hypoglycemia (event/patient/30 days, mean difference, 0.34 [range 0-0.69]) and weight gain in kg (1.0 kg [0.28-1.73]). Compared with biphasic insulin, the basal-bolus regimen was associated with a greater chance to reach the HbA(1c) goal (odds ratio 1.75 [95% CI 1.11-2.77]), with no greater hypoglycemia or weight gain. The effect of insulin analogs on long-term diabetes complications is still lacking.

conclusionsA greater proportion of type 2 diabetic patients can achieve the HbA(1c) goal <7% with biphasic or prandial insulin compared with basal insulin; in absolute terms, the basal-bolus regimen was best for the attainment of the HbA(1c) goal.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Glycated HemoglobinHumansInsulinRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicGlycated Hemoglobinhemoglobin A1c protein, humanInsulin

Identifiers

PMID21216850
PMCPMC3024378
OpenAlexW2119105795

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.