ArticleGenetics research2011
Variation in actual relationship as a consequence of Mendelian sampling and linkage.
Article in Genetics research, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 166 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
166 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 366 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
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- Optimising realised genetic gain with low forward predictive ability across cycles for cooking time and correlated traits in common bean based on multivariate genomic selection.TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik · 2026Article
- Allelic association analyses: estimation recommendations.Genetics · 2026Article
- Assessing kinship detection: single nucleotide polymorphism array density and estimator comparison in white-tailed deer.G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Article
- On ARGs, pedigrees, and genetic relatedness matrices.Genetics · 2026Article
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- Estimating Linkage Disequilibrium and Effective Population Size Across Generations in Holstein Cattle.Veterinary medicine and science · 2025Article
- Heritability of early seedling growth in Taxus baccata, a declining conifer.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Genetic structuring and estimation of reproductive adults in Onchocerca volvulus: A genome-wide analysis across hosts and regions.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Precise estimation of in-depth relatedness in biobank-scale datasets using deepKin.Cell reports methods · 2025Article
- Forest tree breeding using genomic Markov causal models: a new approach to genomic tree breeding improvement.Heredity · 2025Article
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- On ARGs, pedigrees, and genetic relatedness matrices.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Estimation of Inbreeding Depression From Overdominant Loci Using Molecular Markers.Evolutionary applications · 2025Article
- Estimating realized relatedness in free-ranging macaques by inferring identity-by-descent segments.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Prediction of additive genetic variances of descendants for complex families based on Mendelian sampling variances.G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2024Article
- Article
- Little evidence of inbreeding depression for birth mass, survival and growth in Antarctic fur seal pups.Scientific reports · 2024Article
106 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Although the expected relationship or proportion of genome shared by pairs of relatives can be obtained from their pedigrees, the actual quantities deviate as a consequence of Mendelian sampling and depend on the number of chromosomes and map length. Formulae have been published previously for the variance of actual relationship for a number of specific types of relatives but no general formula for non-inbred individuals is available. We provide here a unified framework that enables the variances for distant relatives to be easily computed, showing, for example, how the variance of sharing for great grandparent-great grandchild, great uncle-great nephew, half uncle-nephew and first cousins differ, even though they have the same expected relationship. Results are extended in order to include differences in map length between sexes, no recombination in males and sex linkage. We derive the magnitude of skew in the proportion shared, showing the skew becomes increasingly large the more distant the relationship. The results obtained for variation in actual relationship apply directly to the variation in actual inbreeding as both are functions of genomic coancestry, and we show how to partition the variation in actual inbreeding between and within families. Although the variance of actual relationship falls as individuals become more distant, its coefficient of variation rises, and so, exacerbated by the skewness, it becomes increasingly difficult to distinguish different pedigree relationships from the actual fraction of the genome shared.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.