ArticleImmunogenetics2011
Characterization and locus-specific typing of MHC class I genes in the red-billed gull (Larus scopulinus) provides evidence for major, minor, and nonclassical loci.
Article in Immunogenetics, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Allelic diversity and selection at the MHC class I and class II in a long-distance migratory shorebird, the Hudsonian Godwit (Limosa haemastica).Immunogenetics · 2026Article
- Review
- Long read genome unravels MHC I genomic architecture, evolution, and diversity loss iniScience · 2025Article
- Article
- Using de novo genome assembly and high-throughput sequencing to characterize the MHC region in a non-model bird, the Eurasian coot.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Distinct evolutionary trajectories of MHC class I and class II genes in Old World finches and buntings.Heredity · 2021Article
- The strength of selection is consistent across both domains of the MHC class I peptide-binding groove in birds.BMC ecology and evolution · 2021Article
- Allelic diversity and patterns of selection at the major histocompatibility complex class I and II loci in a threatened shorebird, the Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus).BMC evolutionary biology · 2020Article
- Not all birds have a single dominantly expressed MHC-I gene: Transcription suggests that siskins have many highly expressed MHC-I genes.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Review
- Allelic diversity and selection at the MHC class I and class II in a bottlenecked bird of prey, the White-tailed Eagle.BMC evolutionary biology · 2019Article
- Characterization of MHC class I in a long distance migratory wader, the Icelandic black-tailed godwit.Immunogenetics · 2017Article
- Expression and phylogenetic analyses reveal paralogous lineages of putatively classical and non-classical MHC-I genes in three sparrow species (Passer).BMC evolutionary biology · 2017Article
- Diversity and selection of MHC class I genes in the vulnerable Chinese egret (Egretta eulophotes).PloS one · 2017Article
- Article
- Extraordinary MHC class II B diversity in a non-passerine, wild bird: the Eurasian Coot Fulica atra (Aves: Rallidae).Ecology and evolution · 2014Article
- Characterization of MHC class I in a long-distance migrant shorebird suggests multiple transcribed genes and intergenic recombination.Immunogenetics · 2013Article
- Article
- Article
- Sampling strategies for accurate computational inferences of gametic phase across highly polymorphic major histocompatibility complex loci.BMC research notes · 2011Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A major challenge facing studies of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) evolution in birds is the difficulty in genotyping alleles at individual loci, and the consequent inability to investigate sequence variation and selection pressures for each gene. In this study, four MHC class I loci were isolated from the red-billed gull (Larus scopulinus), representing both the first characterized MHCI genes within Charadriiformes (shorebirds, gulls, and allies) and the first full-length MHCI sequences described outside Galloanserae (gamebirds + waterfowl). Complete multilocus genotypes were obtained for 470 individuals using a combination of reference-strand conformation analysis and direct sequencing of gene-specific amplification products, and variation of peptide-binding region (PBR) exons was surveyed for all loci. Each gene is transcribed and has conserved sequence features characteristic of antigen-presenting MHCI molecules. However, higher allelic variation, a more even allele frequency distribution, and evidence of positive selection acting on a larger number of PBR residues suggest that only one locus (Lasc-UAA) functions as a major classical MHCI gene. Lasc-UBA, with more limited variation and PBR motifs that encompass a subset of Lasc-UAA diversity, was assigned a putative minor classical function, whereas the divergent and largely invariant binding-groove motifs of Lasc-UCA and -UDA are suggestive of nonclassical loci with specialized ligand-binding roles.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.