Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21346182›Full record

ArticleDiabetes care2011

Psychometric properties of the hypoglycemia fear survey-ii for adults with type 1 diabetes.

Linda A Gonder-Frederick, Karen M Schmidt, Karen A Vajda, Megan L Greear, Harsimran Singh, Jaclyn A Shepard, Daniel J Cox

3 registry-linked trialsAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Diabetes care, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 149 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
149citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07284511 phase2 / phase3recruitingstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Fully Closed-Loop Glucose Control in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes Using Tirzepatide: a Randomized, Multi-center, Open-label, Non-inferiority, Parallel Trial

Ran2026Enrolled105Registered outcomes35Posted comparisons0ConditionsT1D, T1DM, T1DM - Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 DiabetesArmsCarbohydrate Counting, No Meal Announcement, Tandem Control-IQ Automated Insulin Delivery System (with Dexcom G7 CGM), Tirzepatide
PMID 39745353PMID 39601745PMID 31539622PMID 29246950PMID 27295427PMID 27633186PMID 34170647PMID 11126230PMID 34047449PMID 31902063PMID 39794615PMID 31189511other papers from this trial
Open the trial in the graph
NCT02600091 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2015, after this paper: background citation

Exploring the Effectiveness of Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy to Improve Emotional Wellbeing and Glycaemic Control Among Adults With Diabetes

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of AberdeenRan2015 to 2017Enrolled29ConditionsAnxiety, Depression, DiabetesArmsMindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy
NCT05734313 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2023, after this paper: background citation

Telemedicine-Delivered Unified Protocol for Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Anxiety and Depression in Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes

TypeinterventionalSponsorAlbert Einstein College of MedicineRan2023 to 2027Enrolled94ConditionsDiabetes, Type 1 DiabetesArmsUnified protocol for cognitive behavioral therapy (UP-CBT), Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM)
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

149 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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89 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Linda A Gonder-FrederickHealth Sciences Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA. lag3g@virginia.edu
Karen M Schmidt
Karen A Vajda
Megan L Greear
Harsimran Singh
Jaclyn A Shepard
Daniel J Cox

Funding

DYNAMIC RISK MEASURES FOR SEVERE HYPOGLYCEMIAR01DK051562 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA CHARLOTTESVILLE · PI MARC D BRETON · 1996 to 2023
$2.4M
SEVERE HYPOGLYCEMIA--RISKS AND PREVENTIONR01DK028288 · UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA CHARLOTTESVILLE · 1986 to 2005
$2.2M
NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK028288NIDDK NIH HHS R01-DK-028288NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK051562NIDDK NIH HHS R01-DK-051562NIDDK NIH HHS R21 DK080896NIDDK NIH HHS R21-DK-080896
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo perform the first comprehensive psychometric evaluation of the Hypoglycemia Fear Survey-II (HFS-II), a measure of the behavioral and affective dimensions of fear of hypoglycemia, using modern test-theory methods, including item-response theory (IRT). RESEARCH DESIGN AND

methodsSurveys completed in four previous studies by 777 adults with type 1 diabetes were aggregated for analysis, with 289 subjects completing both subscales of the HFS-II and 488 subjects completing only the Worry subscale. The aggregated sample (53.3% female, 44.4% using insulin pumps) had a mean age of 41.9 years, diabetes duration of 23.8 years, HbA(1c) value of 7.7%, and 1.4 severe hypoglycemic episodes in the past year. Data analysis included exploratory factor analysis using polychoric correlations and IRT. Factors were analyzed for fit, trait-level locations, point-measure correlations, and separation values.

resultsInternal and test-retest reliability was good, as well as convergent validity, as demonstrated by significant correlations with other measures of psychological distress. Scores were significantly higher in subjects who had experienced severe hypoglycemia in the past year. Factor analyses validated the two subscales of the HFS-II. Item analyses showed that 12 of 15 items on the Behavior subscale, and all of the items on the Worry subscale had good-fit statistics.

conclusionsThe HFS-II is a reliable and valid measure of the fear of hypoglycemia in adults with type 1 diabetes, and factor analyses and IRT support the two separate subscales of the survey.

Indexed as

AdultDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1FearFemaleGlycated HemoglobinHumansHypoglycemiaMalePsychometricsGlycated Hemoglobin

Identifiers

PMID21346182
PMCPMC3064031

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.