Evidence mapPaperPMID 21346920Full record

ArticleBulletin of the World Health Organization2011

High total serum cholesterol, medication coverage and therapeutic control: an analysis of national health examination survey data from eight countries.

Gregory A Roth, Stephan D Fihn, Ali H Mokdad, Wichai Aekplakorn, Toshihiko Hasegawa, Stephen S Lim

Registry-linked trialOpen access · diamondAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04862962 (Retrospective Study to Evaluate the Safety of the Fixed-dose Combination Rosuvastatin / Ezetimibe as a Treatment for Patients With Dyslipidaemia in Usual Medical Practice.), which is not on this map. Cited by 55 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
55citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
45.8field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04862962 completedstarted 2021, after this paper: background citation

Retrospective Study to Evaluate the Safety of the Fixed-dose Combination Rosuvastatin / Ezetimibe as a Treatment for Patients With Dyslipidaemia in Usual Medical Practice.

Ran2021Enrolled120Registered outcomes5Posted comparisons0ConditionsDyslipidemiasArmsRosuvastatin 10 or 20mg /Ezetimibe 10 mg Fixed Dose
Open the trial in the graph
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

55 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 152 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.

Gregory A RothDivision of Cardiology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street (room AA522), Seattle, WA 98195-6422, United States of America. rothg@uw.edu
Stephan D Fihn
Ali H Mokdad
Wichai Aekplakorn
Toshihiko Hasegawa
Stephen S Lim
University of Washington · USNippon Medical School · JPRamathibodi Hospital · THVA Puget Sound Health Care System · US

Funding

INSTITUTE FOR TRANSLATIONAL HEALTH SCIENCE (UL1): BPCAUL1RR025014 · NCRR · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI DISIS, MARY L. · 2007 to 2011
$51.5M
NCRR NIH HHS UL1 RR025014
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo determine the fraction of individuals with high total serum cholesterol who get diagnosed and effectively treated in eight high- and middle-income countries.

methodsUsing data from nationally representative health examination surveys conducted in 1998-2007, we studied a probability sample of 79 039 adults aged 40-79 years from England, Germany, Japan, Jordan, Mexico, Scotland, Thailand and the United States of America. For each country we calculated the prevalence of high total serum cholesterol (total serum cholesterol ≥ 6.2 mmol/l or ≥ 240 mg/dl) and the mean total serum cholesterol level. We also determined the fractions of individuals being diagnosed, treated with cholesterol-lowering medication and effectively controlled (total serum cholesterol < 6.2 mmol/l or < 240 mg/dl).

findingsThe proportion of undiagnosed individuals was highest in Thailand (78%; 95% confidence interval, CI: 74-82) and lowest in the United States (16%; 95% CI: 13-19). The fraction diagnosed but untreated ranged from 9% in Thailand (95% CI: 8-11) to 53% in Japan (95% CI: 50-57). The proportion being treated who had attained evidence of control ranged from 4% in Germany (95% CI: 3-5) to 58% in Mexico (95% CI: 54-63). Time series estimates showed improved control of high total serum cholesterol over the past two decades in England and the United States.

conclusionThe percentage of people with high total serum cholesterol who are effectively treated remains small in selected high- and middle-income countries. Many of those affected are unaware of their condition. Untreated high blood cholesterol represents a missed opportunity in the face of a global epidemic of chronic diseases.

Indexed as

InternationalityAdultAgedCholesterolConfidence IntervalsFemaleHealth SurveysHumansHypercholesterolemiaHypolipidemic AgentsIncomeMaleMiddle AgedSocioeconomic FactorsWorld Health OrganizationCholesterolHypolipidemic Agents

Identifiers

PMID21346920
PMCPMC3040378
OpenAlexW2017978418

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.