Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21471135›Full record

ArticleEuropean heart journal2011

Mortality and cardiovascular risk associated with different insulin secretagogues compared with metformin in type 2 diabetes, with or without a previous myocardial infarction: a nationwide study.

Tina Ken Schramm, Gunnar Hilmar Gislason, Allan Vaag, Jeppe Nørgaard Rasmussen, Fredrik Folke, Morten Lock Hansen, Emil Loldrup Fosbøl, Lars Køber, Mette Lykke Norgaard, Mette Madsen and 2 more

Erratum issued Registry-linked trialOpen access · bronzeAbstract readComparative Study
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in European heart journal, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to trial NCT02064881 (Effect of Metformin Glycinate on Postprandial Lipemia, Glycemic Control and Oxidation Markers in Type 2 Diabetes Patients), which is not on this map. Cited by 140 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
140citing papers in PubMed, 8 pooled it
32.0field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT02064881 phase2 / phase3unknown statusstarted 2015, after this paper: background citation

Effect of Metformin Glycinate on Postprandial Lipemia, Glycemic Control and Oxidation Markers in Type 2 Diabetes Patients

Ran2015Enrolled72Registered outcomes7Posted comparisons0ConditionsType 2 DiabetesArmsMetformin glycinate, Metformin hydrochloride
PMID 9742977PMID 21098347PMID 15699279PMID 22517736other papers from this trial
Open the trial in the graph
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

140 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 417 citations in OpenAlex.

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80 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.

Tina Ken SchrammDepartment of Cardiology B, section 2141, Rigshospitalet, The Heart Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. tks@heart.dk
Gunnar Hilmar Gislason
Allan Vaag
Jeppe Nørgaard Rasmussen
Fredrik Folke
Morten Lock Hansen
Emil Loldrup Fosbøl
Lars Køber
Mette Lykke Norgaard
Mette Madsen
Peter Riis Hansen
Christian Torp-Pedersen
Gentofte Hospital · DKRigshospitalet · DKCopenhagen University Hospital · DKHerlev Hospital · DKStatens Serum Institut · DKUniversity of Copenhagen · DK

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsThe impact of insulin secretagogues (ISs) on long-term major clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes remains unclear. We examined mortality and cardiovascular risk associated with all available ISs compared with metformin in a nationwide study. METHODS AND

resultsAll Danish residents >20 years, initiating single-agent ISs or metformin between 1997 and 2006 were followed for up to 9 years (median 3.3 years) by individual-level linkage of nationwide registers. All-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and the composite of myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and cardiovascular mortality associated with individual ISs were investigated in patients with or without previous MI by multivariable Cox proportional-hazard analyses including propensity analyses. A total of 107 806 subjects were included, of whom 9607 had previous MI. Compared with metformin, glimepiride (hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals): 1.32 (1.24-1.40), glibenclamide: 1.19 (1.11-1.28), glipizide: 1.27 (1.17-1.38), and tolbutamide: 1.28 (1.17-1.39) were associated with increased all-cause mortality in patients without previous MI. The corresponding results for patients with previous MI were as follows: glimepiride: 1.30 (1.11-1.44), glibenclamide: 1.47 (1.22-1.76), glipizide: 1.53 (1.23-1.89), and tolbutamide: 1.47 (1.17-1.84). Results for gliclazide [1.05 (0.94-1.16) and 0.90 (0.68-1.20)] and repaglinide and [0.97 (0.81-1.15) and 1.29 (0.86-1.94)] were not statistically different from metformin in both patients without and with previous MI, respectively. Results were similar for cardiovascular mortality and for the composite endpoint.

conclusionMonotherapy with the most used ISs, including glimepiride, glibenclamide, glipizide, and tolbutamide, seems to be associated with increased mortality and cardiovascular risk compared with metformin. Gliclazide and repaglinide appear to be associated with a lower risk than other ISs.

Indexed as

AdultAgedCause of DeathDenmarkDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Diabetic AngiopathiesHumansHypoglycemic AgentsInsulinKaplan-Meier EstimateMetforminMiddle AgedMyocardial InfarctionRisk FactorsStrokeTreatment OutcomeHypoglycemic AgentsInsulinMetformin

Identifiers

PMID21471135
OpenAlexW2150180487

What Socratic holds

Texttitle and abstract
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.