Evidence mapPaperPMID 21615670Full record

Trial reportDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2011

Effects of exenatide twice daily versus sitagliptin on 24-h glucose, glucoregulatory and hormonal measures: a randomized, double-blind, crossover study.

J K Berg, S K Shenouda, C R Heilmann, A L Gray, J H Holcombe

Open access · bronzeAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
26citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
6.4field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

26 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Trial
  5. Trial
  6. Article
  7. Observational
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: a systematic review of comparative effectiveness research.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2017
    Review
  13. Article
  14. Incretin manipulation in diabetes management.World journal of diabetes · 2015
    Article
  15. Medicinal Plants Qua Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Secretagogue via Intestinal Nutrient Sensors.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2015
    Review
  16. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors: Novel mechanism of actions.Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolism · 2014
    Review
  17. Review
  18. Review
  19. Review
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

J K BergCetero Research, San Antonio, TX, USA. jolene.berg@cetero.com
S K Shenouda
C R Heilmann
A L Gray
J H Holcombe
Eli Lilly (United States) · USCareer Education Corporation · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimTo compare exenatide and sitagliptin glucose and glucoregulatory measures in subjects with type 2 diabetes.

methodsAn 8-week, double-blind, randomized, crossover, single-centre study. Eighty-six subjects (58% female, body mass index 35 ± 5 kg/m², haemoglobin A1c 8.3 ± 1.0%) received either exenatide 10 µg (subcutaneous) twice daily or sitagliptin 100 mg (oral) daily for 4 weeks and crossed to the other therapy for an additional 4 weeks. Main outcome was time-averaged glucose during the 24-h inpatient visits.

resultsBoth treatments decreased average 24-h glucose, but exenatide had a greater effect [between-group difference: -0.67 mmol/l, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.9 to -0.4 mmol/l]. Both treatments decreased 2-h postprandial glucose (PPG), area under the curve of glucose above 7.8 mmol/l (140 mg/dl) and 11 mmol/l (200 mg/dl) and increased the time spent with glucose between 3.9 and 7.8 mmol/l (70 and 140 mg/dl) during 24 h, but exenatide had a significantly greater effect (p < 0.05). Both treatments decreased postprandial serum glucagon, with exenatide having a greater effect (p < 0.005). Both treatments decreased fasting blood glucose to a similar degree (p = 0.766). Sitagliptin increased, while exenatide decreased, postprandial intact glucagon-like peptide-1. Both drugs improved homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-B), with exenatide having a significantly greater effect (p = 0.005). Both exenatide and sitagliptin decreased 24-h caloric intake, with exenatide having a greater effect (p < 0.001). There was no episode of major hypoglycaemia. Adverse events were mild to moderate and mostly gastrointestinal in nature with exenatide. No study withdrawals were due to an adverse event.

conclusionCompared to sitagliptin, exenatide showed significantly lower average 24-h glucose, 2-h PPG, glucagon, caloric intake and improved HOMA-B.

Indexed as

AdolescentAdultAgedBiomarkersBlood GlucoseBody Mass IndexCross-Over StudiesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV InhibitorsDouble-Blind MethodExenatideFemaleGlucagon-Like Peptide 1Glycated HemoglobinHumansHypoglycemic AgentsBiomarkersBlood GlucoseDipeptidyl-Peptidase IV InhibitorsExenatideGlucagon-Like Peptide 1Glycated HemoglobinHypoglycemic AgentsPeptidesPyrazinesSitagliptin PhosphateTriazolesVenoms

Identifiers

PMID21615670
PMCPMC3258427
OpenAlexW2028092672

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.