ReviewDiabetologia2011
Insulin X10 revisited: a super-mitogenic insulin analogue.
Review in Diabetologia, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- A framework for the in vitro evaluation of cancer-relevant molecular characteristics and mitogenic potency of insulin analogues.Carcinogenesis · 2015Pooled it
- Trial
- Damping amyloid-associated conformational fluctuations in a protein by an engineered diselenide bridge.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2026Article
- An engineered insulin analog with dual insulin and IGF-1 receptor agonism and distinct signaling.Science advances · 2026Article
- The Basis for Weekly Insulin Therapy: Evolving Evidence With Insulin Icodec and Insulin Efsitora Alfa.Endocrine reviews · 2024Review
- Article
- Insulin signaling and its application.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- Symmetric and asymmetric receptor conformation continuum induced by a new insulin.Nature chemical biology · 2022Article
- Minimizing Mitogenic Potency of Insulin Analogues Through Modification of a Disulfide Bond.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- Survival Risk Analysis of Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients with Pre-Existing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study.Cancer management and research · 2022Article
- Structural principles of insulin formulation and analog design: A century of innovation.Molecular metabolism · 2021Review
- Structural Lessons From the Mutant Proinsulin Syndrome.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Review
- Ligand bias in receptor tyrosine kinase signaling.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2020Review
- Enhanced insulin receptor interaction by a bifunctional insulin-transferrin fusion protein: an approach to overcome insulin resistance.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- "Register-shift" insulin analogs uncover constraints of proteotoxicity in protein evolution.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2020Article
- Fish-hunting cone snail venoms are a rich source of minimized ligands of the vertebrate insulin receptor.eLife · 2019Article
- The Role of Insulin Glargine and Human Insulin in the Regulation of Thyroid Proliferation Through Mitogenic Signaling.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2019Article
- Effects of insulin and analogues on carcinogen-induced mammary tumours in high-fat-fed rats.Endocrine connections · 2018Article
- Efficacy and safety of insulin degludec in Japanese patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: 24-week results from the observational study in routine clinical practice.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2016Observational
- Metabolic effect and receptor signalling profile of a non-metabolisable insulin glargine analogue.Archives of physiology and biochemistry · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The molecular safety of insulin analogues has received a great deal of attention over the last year. In particular, attention has been directed to the mitogenic properties of insulin analogues as compared with human insulin. Understanding the mechanisms implicated in mediating mitogenic effects of insulin is therefore of particular interest. In this review we detail the story of the rapid-acting insulin analogue known as X10, which was the first insulin analogue in clinical development, but ended up being discontinued at an early clinical development stage following findings of mammary tumours in female Sprague-Dawley rats. The molecular characteristics of insulin X10, along with its interaction at both the IGF-1 receptor and the insulin receptor, have provided us with important insights into mechanisms implicated in metabolic and mitogenic signalling of insulin analogues.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.