ArticleIEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society2011
Systematic variation of prosthetic foot spring affects center-of-mass mechanics and metabolic cost during walking.
Article in IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00494143 (Metabolic Cost Savings for Transtibial Amputees Walking With the CESR Foot), which is not on this map. Cited by 47 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Metabolic Cost Savings for Transtibial Amputees Walking With the CESR Foot
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 150 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prosthetic push-off power in trans-tibial amputee level ground walking: A systematic review.PloS one · 2019Pooled it
- Reducing the energy cost of walking in older adults using a passive hip flexion device.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2019Trial
- Leveraging anteroposterior force oscillations to assist walking.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The effect of microprocessor-controlled prostheses on walking pattern and energy consumption in above-the-knee amputees.Turkish journal of physical medicine and rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Effects of prosthetic ankle power and foot stiffness category on biomechanical asymmetry and knee moment during walking at different speeds.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- State of the art of lower limb prosthesis simulators: A literature review.Wearable technologies · 2026Review
- Design Optimization of the Mechanics of a Metamaterial-Based Prosthetic Foot.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Transfemoral prosthetic simulators versus amputees: ground reaction forces and spatio-temporal parameters in gait.Royal Society open science · 2024Article
- Consequences of changing planned foot placement on balance control and forward progress.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2024Article
- Greater than recommended stiffness and power setting of a stance-phase powered leg prosthesis can improve step-to-step transition work and effective foot length ratio during walking in people with transtibial amputation.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Low-profile prosthetic foot stiffness category and size, and shoes affect axial and torsional stiffness and hysteresis.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences · 2024Article
- A Scientometric Analysis and Visualization of Prosthetic Foot Research Work: 2000 to 2022.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Sensitivity of lower-limb joint mechanics to prosthetic forefoot stiffness with a variable stiffness foot in level-ground walking.Journal of biomechanics · 2023Article
- The Effect of Prosthetic Ankle Dorsiflexion Stiffness on Standing Balance and Gait Biomechanics in Individuals with Unilateral Transtibial Amputation.Journal of prosthetics and orthotics : JPO · 2022Article
- Foot contact forces can be used to personalize a wearable robot during human walking.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Effects of step frequency during running on the magnitude and symmetry of ground reaction forces in individuals with a transfemoral amputation.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2022Article
- Prosthetic forefoot and heel stiffness across consecutive foot stiffness categories and sizes.PloS one · 2022Article
- The accuracy of several pose estimation methods for 3D joint centre localisation.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Understanding patient preference in prosthetic ankle stiffness.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2021Article
- Shortcomings of human-in-the-loop optimization of an ankle-foot prosthesis emulator: a case series.Royal Society open science · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Lower-limb amputees expend more energy to walk than non-amputees and have an elevated risk of secondary disabilities. Insufficient push-off by the prosthetic foot may be a contributing factor. We aimed to systematically study the effect of prosthetic foot mechanics on gait, to gain insight into fundamental prosthetic design principles. We varied a single parameter in isolation, the energy-storing spring in a prototype prosthetic foot, the controlled energy storage and return (CESR) foot, and observed the effect on gait. Subjects walked on the CESR foot with three different springs. We performed parallel studies on amputees and on non-amputees wearing prosthetic simulators. In both groups, spring characteristics similarly affected ankle and body center-of-mass (COM) mechanics and metabolic cost. Softer springs led to greater energy storage, energy return, and prosthetic limb COM push-off work. But metabolic energy expenditure was lowest with a spring of intermediate stiffness, suggesting biomechanical disadvantages to the softest spring despite its greater push-off. Disadvantages of the softest spring may include excessive heel displacements and COM collision losses. We also observed some differences in joint kinetics between amputees and non-amputees walking on the prototype foot. During prosthetic push-off, amputees exhibited reduced energy transfer from the prosthesis to the COM along with increased hip work, perhaps due to greater energy dissipation at the knee. Nevertheless, the results indicate that spring compliance can contribute to push-off, but with biomechanical trade-offs that limit the degree to which greater push-off might improve walking economy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.