Evidence mapPaperPMID 21744074Full record

ArticleDiabetologia2011

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and the regulation of human invariant natural killer T cells: lessons from obesity, diabetes and psoriasis.

A E Hogan, A M Tobin, T Ahern, M A Corrigan, G Gaoatswe, R Jackson, V O'Reilly, L Lynch, D G Doherty, P N Moynagh and 3 more

4 registry-linked trialsOpen access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Diabetologia, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 4 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 77 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
77citing papers in PubMed
7.0field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT01687582 nacompletedstarted 2012, after this paper: background citation

Clinical and Histopathological Effect of GLP-1 Analogs on Psoriasis in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Ran2012Enrolled10Registered outcomes7Posted comparisons0ConditionsPsoriasis, Type 2 DiabetesArmsGLP-1 analog
PMID 22227407other papers from this trial
Open the trial in the graph
NCT01847313 phase3completedstarted 2013, after this paper: background citation

Phase 3 Study of the Effect of Glucagon-like-peptide 1 (GLP-1) Receptor Agonism on Renal Outcomes in Humans With Diabetic Kidney Disease

Ran2013Enrolled20Registered outcomes6Posted comparisons0ConditionsDiabetic Kidney DiseaseArmsliraglutide
Open the trial in the graph
NCT01991197 phase2completednot on this mapstarted 2014, after this paper: background citation

Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibition in Psoriasis Patients With Diabetes (DIP): A Randomized Clinical Trial.

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity College DublinRan2014 to 2016Enrolled20ConditionsPsoriasis, Type 2 Diabetes MellitusArmsSitagliptin, Gliclazide, Sitagliptin matched placebo, Gliclazide matched placebo capsule
NCT02347501 phase2completednot on this mapstarted 2013, after this paper: background citation

Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibition and Narrow-band Ultraviolet-B Light in Psoriasis (DINUP): A Randomised Clinical Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity College DublinRan2013 to 2016Enrolled118ConditionsPsoriasisArmsSitagliptin (Januvia)
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

77 citing papers in PubMed, 173 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
  2. Article
  3. Lifestyle Modification for the Management of Psoriatic Arthritis.American journal of lifestyle medicine · 2026
    Review
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Enhanced Bioactivities of FermentedCurrent issues in molecular biology · 2026
    Article
  7. Metabolic Reprogramming and ILC2 Plasticity in Obesity-related Asthma.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2026
    Review
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. The effects of GLP-1RA on inflammatory skin diseases: A comprehensive review.Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV · 2025
    Review
  14. The potential role of GLP-1 receptor agonists in the management of psoriatic disease: a scoping review.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2025
    Article
  15. Review
  16. Review
  17. Review
  18. Review
  19. Review
  20. Review

17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.

A E HoganDepartment of Endocrinology, St Vincent's University Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
A M Tobin
T Ahern
M A Corrigan
G Gaoatswe
R Jackson
V O'Reilly
L Lynch
D G Doherty
P N Moynagh
B Kirby
J O'Connell
D O'Shea
University College Dublin · IESt. Vincent's University Hospital · IENational University of Ireland, Maynooth · IETrinity College Dublin · IEHealth Service Executive · IE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aims/hypothesisThe innate immune cells, invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT cells), are implicated in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, an inflammatory condition associated with obesity and other metabolic diseases, such as diabetes and dyslipidaemia. We observed an improvement in psoriasis severity in a patient within days of starting treatment with an incretin-mimetic, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist. This was independent of change in glycaemic control. We proposed that this unexpected clinical outcome resulted from a direct effect of GLP-1 on iNKT cells.

methodsWe measured circulating and psoriatic plaque iNKT cell numbers in two patients with type 2 diabetes and psoriasis before and after commencing GLP-1 analogue therapy. In addition, we investigated the in vitro effects of GLP-1 on iNKT cells and looked for a functional GLP-1 receptor on these cells.

resultsThe Psoriasis Area and Severity Index improved in both patients following 6 weeks of GLP-1 analogue therapy. This was associated with an alteration in iNKT cell number, with an increased number in the circulation and a decreased number in psoriatic plaques. The GLP-1 receptor was expressed on iNKT cells, and GLP-1 induced a dose-dependent inhibition of iNKT cell cytokine secretion, but not cytolytic degranulation in vitro. CONCLUSIONS/

interpretationThe clinical effect observed and the direct interaction between GLP-1 and the immune system raise the possibility of therapeutic applications for GLP-1 in inflammatory conditions such as psoriasis.

Indexed as

Cell CountCell LineCytokinesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2FemaleGene Expression RegulationGlucagon-Like Peptide 1Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 ReceptorHumansHypoglycemic AgentsImmunologic FactorsLiraglutideMaleMiddle AgedMolecular Targeted TherapyNatural Killer T-CellsCytokinesGLP1R protein, humanGlucagon-Like Peptide 1Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 ReceptorHypoglycemic AgentsImmunologic FactorsLiraglutideReceptors, GlucagonRNA, Messenger

Identifiers

PMID21744074
PMCPMC3188710
OpenAlexW2131873059

What Socratic holds

Texttitle and abstract
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.