Trial reportJournal of women's health (2002)2011
Cognitive function and fine motor speed in older women with diabetes mellitus: results from the women's health initiative study of cognitive aging.
Trial report in Journal of women's health (2002), 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00631332 (Effects of Hormone Replacement Therapy on Cognitive Aging), which is not on this map. Cited by 19 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effects of Hormone Replacement Therapy on Cognitive Aging: Women's Health Initiative Study of Cognitive Aging (WHISCA)
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- The association between diabetes and cognitive changes during aging.Scandinavian journal of primary health care · 2020Pooled it
- Altered functional connectivity of brain regions based on a meta-analysis in patients with T2DM: A resting-state fMRI study.Brain and behavior · 2020Pooled it
- Magnitude of cognitive dysfunction in adults with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of six cognitive domains and the most frequently reported neuropsychological tests within domains.Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS · 2014Pooled it
- Long-term Impact of Weight Loss Intervention on Changes in Cognitive Function: Exploratory Analyses from the Action for Health in Diabetes Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2018Trial
- Diabetes and Cognitive Decline in Older Adults: The Ginkgo Evaluation of Memory Study.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2017Trial
- Impact of Type 2 Diabetes and Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy on Incidence of Cognitive Impairment in Older Women.Diabetes care · 2015Trial
- Independent, but not synergistic, associations ofJournal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology · 2026Article
- Qualitative neurological gait abnormalities, cardiovascular risk factors and functional status in older community-dwellers without neurological diseases: The Healthy Brain Project.Experimental gerontology · 2019Article
- Identifying postmenopausal women at risk for cognitive decline within a healthy cohort using a panel of clinical metabolic indicators: potential for detecting an at-Alzheimer's risk metabolic phenotype.Neurobiology of aging · 2016Article
- The Effect of Diabetes Medication on Cognitive Function: Evidence from the PATH Through Life Study.BioMed research international · 2016Article
- Article
- Glucose regulation and cognitive function after bariatric surgery.Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology · 2015Article
- Subclinical albuminuria is linked to gray matter atrophy in type 2 diabetes mellitus.Metabolism: clinical and experimental · 2014Article
- Assessing premorbid cognitive ability in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus--a review with implications for future intervention studies.Current diabetes reports · 2014Review
- A systematic review of type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension in imaging studies of cognitive aging: time to establish new norms.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2014Review
- Decreased motor function is associated with poorer cognitive function in elderly with type 2 diabetes.Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders extra · 2014Article
- ω-3 fatty acids and domain-specific cognitive aging: secondary analyses of data from WHISCA.Neurology · 2013Article
- Influence of type 2 diabetes on brain volumes and changes in brain volumes: results from the Women's Health Initiative Magnetic Resonance Imaging studies.Diabetes care · 2013Article
- Diabetes and the elderly brain: sweet memories?Therapeutic advances in endocrinology and metabolism · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWe sought to determine if type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was associated with accelerated decline in domain-specific measures of cognitive function and fine motor speed.
methodsWomen aged 65-80 years who were enrolled in a clinical trial of postmenopausal hormone therapy were grouped as having T2DM (n=179) or not (n=1984) and followed for an average of 5 years with annual standardized assessments of domain-specific cognitive function. Mean patterns of cognitive measures over time were contrasted between groups using general linear models and Wald tests, with varying levels of covariate adjustment. The influences of age at onset, use of oral medications, and use of insulin were also examined.
resultsT2DM was associated with mean deficits of 0.2-0.4 standard deviations (SD) across follow-up in most cognitive domains. Consistent evidence that rates of decline were accelerated among women with T2DM was evident only for verbal knowledge and verbal memory (p<0.05). Decrements in fine motor speed, but no measure of cognitive function, were greater for women with earlier onset T2DM. Use of oral diabetes medications was associated with better relative cognitive function.
conclusionsIn these women, T2DM was associated with cognitive deficits in most domains. Relative deficits in verbal knowledge and verbal memory may continue to increase after deficits in other domains have stabilized. Relative deficits in fine motor speed may be greater among women with earlier onsets of T2DM. Use of insulin, which may reflect greater T2DM severity, was associated with relatively greater cognitive deficits.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.