Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22013016›Full record

ArticleDiabetes2011

Convergence of the insulin and serotonin programs in the pancreatic β-cell.

Yasuharu Ohta, Yasuhiro Kosaka, Nina Kishimoto, Juehu Wang, Stuart B Smith, Gerard Honig, Hail Kim, Rosa M Gasa, Nicole Neubauer, Angela Liou and 3 more

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Diabetes, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 86 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
86citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
6.8field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

86 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 154 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Predictive control of human pancreatic cell fate using a digital model ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  3. [Mechanism ofNan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University · 2026
    Article
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Gas-sensing neurons prime mitochondrial fitness to offset metabolic stress.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. The Influence of BMP6 on Serotonin and Glucose Metabolism.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024
    Article
  12. Review
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Article

26 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Yasuharu OhtaDiabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Yasuhiro Kosaka
Nina Kishimoto
Juehu Wang
Stuart B Smith
Gerard Honig
Hail Kim
Rosa M Gasa
Nicole Neubauer
Angela Liou
Laurence H Tecott
Evan S Deneris
Michael S German
University of California, San Francisco · USCase Western Reserve University · US

Funding

Research BaseP30DK063720 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI GERMAN, MICHAEL S · 2003 to 2019
$21.8M
Molecular Control of Pancreatic Islet DevelopmentU19DK061245 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO · PI GERMAN, MICHAEL S · 2001 to 2005
$5.9M
DIFFERENTIATION IN THE ENDOCRINE AND EXOCRINE PANCREASR01DK021344 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI GERMAN, MICHAEL S · 1986 to 2014
$3.4M
NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK063720NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK021344NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK21344NIDDK NIH HHS U19 DK061245NIDDK NIH HHS U19 DK61245
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveDespite their origins in different germ layers, pancreatic islet cells share many common developmental features with neurons, especially serotonin-producing neurons in the hindbrain. Therefore, we tested whether these developmental parallels have functional consequences. RESEARCH DESIGN AND

methodsWe used transcriptional profiling, immunohistochemistry, DNA-binding analyses, and mouse genetic models to assess the expression and function of key serotonergic genes in the pancreas.

resultsWe found that islet cells expressed the genes encoding all of the products necessary for synthesizing, packaging, and secreting serotonin, including both isoforms of the serotonin synthetic enzyme tryptophan hydroxylase and the archetypal serotonergic transcription factor Pet1. As in serotonergic neurons, Pet1 expression in islets required homeodomain transcription factor Nkx2.2 but not Nkx6.1. In β-cells, Pet1 bound to the serotonergic genes but also to a conserved insulin gene regulatory element. Mice lacking Pet1 displayed reduced insulin production and secretion and impaired glucose tolerance.

conclusionsThese studies demonstrate that a common transcriptional cascade drives the differentiation of β-cells and serotonergic neurons and imparts the shared ability to produce serotonin. The interrelated biology of these two cell types has important implications for the pathology and treatment of diabetes.

Indexed as

AnimalsCell LineCell Line, TumorChromatin ImmunoprecipitationElectrophoretic Mobility Shift AssayHomeobox Protein Nkx-2.2Homeodomain ProteinsImmunohistochemistryIn Situ HybridizationInsulinInsulin-Secreting CellsMiceNIH 3T3 CellsReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionSerotonergic NeuronsSerotoninFev protein, mouseHomeobox Protein Nkx-2.2Homeodomain ProteinsInsulinnkx2.2b protein, zebrafishNkx2-2 protein, mouseNkx6-1 protein, mouseSerotoninTranscription FactorsTryptophan HydroxylaseZebrafish Proteins

Identifiers

PMID22013016
PMCPMC3219954
OpenAlexW2130358596

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.