ArticlePrimary care diabetes2012
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analogue combined with insulin reduces HbA1c and weight with low risk of hypoglycemia and high treatment satisfaction.
Article in Primary care diabetes, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Addition of Liraglutide to Overweight Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Multiple Daily Insulin Injections (MDI) With Inadequate Glycaemic Control
Combination of Intranasal Insulin With Oral Semaglutide to Improve Cognition and Cerebral Blood Flow: a Feasibility Study
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Combination therapy with GLP-1 receptor agonists and basal insulin: a systematic review of the literature.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2013Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of adding liraglutide to existing insulin regimens in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A post-hoc analysis of a phase 3 randomized clinical trial.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2018 · on this mapTrial
- Satisfaction of switching to combination therapy with lixisenatide and basal insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving multiple daily insulin injection therapy: A randomized controlled trial.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2018Trial
- Combination therapy with liraglutide and insulin in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: A 36-week, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group trial.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2016 · on this mapTrial
- Efficacy and safety of liraglutide versus placebo added to basal insulin analogues (with or without metformin) in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2015 · on this mapTrial
- Liraglutide in people treated for type 2 diabetes with multiple daily insulin injections: randomised clinical trial (MDI Liraglutide trial).BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2015 · on this mapTrial
- Liraglutide reverses pronounced insulin-associated weight gain, improves glycaemic control and decreases insulin dose in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 26 week, randomised clinical trial (ELEGANT).Diabetologia · 2014 · on this mapTrial
- Comparison of insulin lispro protamine suspension versus insulin glargine once daily added to oral antihyperglycaemic medications and exenatide in type 2 diabetes: a prospective randomized open-label trial.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2014Trial
- Aging-Related Obesity: Unveiling Mitochondrial and Metabolic Dysfunction.Current nutrition reports · 2025Review
- Long-term effects of duodenal mucosal resurfacing and liraglutide on glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.BMJ nutrition, prevention & health · 2025Article
- Animal studies on the modulation of differential efficacy of polyethylene glycol loxenatide by intestinal flora.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Association of treatment satisfaction and physician trust with glycemic control among primary care patients with type 2 diabetes in Egypt.Diabetology international · 2024Article
- GLP-1R Signaling and Functional Molecules in Incretin Therapy.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Real-world effectiveness of liraglutide versus dulaglutide in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: a retrospective study.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Continuous stimulation of dual-function peptide PGLP-1-VP inhibits the morbidity and mortality of NOD mice through anti-inflammation and immunoregulation.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- An experimental study of exenatide effects on renal injury in diabetic rats1.Acta cirurgica brasileira · 2019Article
- Use of Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire in Diabetes Care: Importance of Patient-Reported Outcomes.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018 · on this mapReview
- Variables associated with HbA1c and weight reductions when adding liraglutide to multiple daily insulin injections in persons with type 2 diabetes (MDI Liraglutide trial 3).BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2018Article
- The Role of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes.Journal of translational internal medicine · 2017Article
- Type 2 Diabetes Patients Reach Target Glycemic Control Faster Using IDegLira than Either Insulin Degludec or Liraglutide Given Alone.Clinical drug investigation · 2016 · on this mapArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimsTo evaluate the effects of adding glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogue therapy to insulin on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), weight, insulin dosage, treatment satisfaction, and risk of hypoglycaemia.
methodsType 2 diabetes patients with insulin therapy receiving a GLP-1 analogue at 4 Swedish centers were studied. Hypoglycemia was evaluated using glucometers and patient self-report. The Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (DTSQ) was used to evaluate treatment satisfaction.
resultsAmong 65 patients studied, 4 discontinued therapy, none due to hypoglycemia, and there were no suspected severe adverse events. Among 61 patients who remained on therapy over a mean of 7.0 months, 40 were treated with liraglutide and 21 with exenatide. HbA1c decreased from a mean of 8.9% (82.4 mmol/mol) to 7.9% (71.9 mmol/mol) (p<0.001), weight decreased from 111.1 kg to 104.0 kg (p<0.001) and insulin doses were reduced from 91.1U to 52.2U (p<0.001). There was one patient with severe hypoglycemia. The mean number of asymptomatic hypoglycemia per patient and month, reported for the last month (0.085 below 4.0 mmol/l and 0 below 3.0 mmol/l) and documented symptomatic hypoglycemia (0.24 below 4.0 mmol/l and 0.068 below 3.0 mmol/l) was low. The DTSQc showed higher treatment satisfaction than with the previous regimen of 11.9 (scale -18 to +18 points, p<0.001).
conclusionsThe addition of GLP-1 analogues to insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes is associated with reductions in HbA1c, weight, and insulin dose, along with a low risk of hypoglycemia and high treatment satisfaction.
Indexed as
Identifiers
22015237What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.