ArticlePharmacoepidemiology and drug safety2012
Role of disease risk scores in comparative effectiveness research with emerging therapies.
Article in Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Disease risk score as a confounder summary method: systematic review and recommendations.Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety · 2013Pooled it
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- Blood transcriptomic signatures predict poor treatment outcomes in drug-susceptible pulmonary TB in Brazil.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- High-Dimensional Disease Risk Score for Dealing With Residual Confounding Bias in Estimating Treatment Effects With a Survival Outcome.Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety · 2025Article
- Use of Machine Learning to Compare Disease Risk Scores and Propensity Scores Across Complex Confounding Scenarios: A Simulation Study.Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety · 2025Article
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- Methods to Adjust for Confounding in Test-Negative Design COVID-19 Effectiveness Studies: Simulation Study.JMIR formative research · 2025Article
- Confounder Adjustment Using the Disease Risk Score: A Proposal for Weighting Methods.American journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Protection of COVID-19 Vaccination Against Hospitalization During the Era of Omicron BA.4 and BA.5 Predominance: A Nationwide Case-Control Study Based on the French National Health Data System.Open forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Comparison of Pimavanserin Versus Quetiapine for Hospitalization and Mortality Risk Among Medicare Beneficiaries with Parkinson's Disease Psychosis.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2023Article
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- Article
- Cardiovascular Risk of Concomitant Use of Atypical Antipsychotics and Stimulants Among Commercially Insured Youth in the United States.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Article
- Combinations of mineral and bone disorder markers and risk of death and hospitalizations in the international Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study.Clinical kidney journal · 2020Article
- Standardizing Discrete-Time Hazard Ratios With a Disease Risk Score.American journal of epidemiology · 2020Article
- Real-world evidence: the devil is in the detail.Diabetologia · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundUsefulness of propensity scores and regression models to balance potential confounders at treatment initiation may be limited for newly introduced therapies with evolving use patterns.
objectivesTo consider settings in which the disease risk score has theoretical advantages as a balancing score in comparative effectiveness research because of stability of disease risk and the availability of ample historical data on outcomes in people treated before introduction of the new therapy.
methodsWe review the indications for and balancing properties of disease risk scores in the setting of evolving therapies and discuss alternative approaches for estimation. We illustrate development of a disease risk score in the context of the introduction of atorvastatin and the use of high-dose statin therapy beginning in 1997, based on data from 5668 older survivors of myocardial infarction who filled a statin prescription within 30 days after discharge from 1995 until 2004. Theoretical considerations suggested development of a disease risk score among nonusers of atorvastatin and high-dose statins during the period 1995-1997.
resultsObserved risk of events increased from 11% to 35% across quintiles of the disease risk score, which had a C-statistic of 0.71. The score allowed control of many potential confounders even during early follow-up with few study endpoints.
conclusionsBalancing on a disease risk score offers an attractive alternative to a propensity score in some settings such as newly marketed drugs and provides an important axis for evaluation of potential effect modification. Joint consideration of propensity and disease risk scores may be valuable.
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