Trial reportScience translational medicine2012
Decade-long safety and function of retroviral-modified chimeric antigen receptor T cells.
Trial report in Science translational medicine, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 366 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
366 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 641 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risks and Outcomes of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Hematologic Malignancies in Patients with HIV Infection.Biology of blood and marrow transplantation : journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation · 2019Pooled it
- CCR5-edited CD4+ T cells augment HIV-specific immunity to enable post-rebound control of HIV replication.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2021Trial
- Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy in non-oncological diseases.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Recent advances in molecular mechanisms to improve the efficacy of CAR-T cell therapy for viral diseases, cancer, and autoimmune diseases.Stem cell research & therapy · 2026Review
- HIV-specific and resistant CAR T cells promote control of HIV replication in people with HIV.Research square · 2026Article
- A guide to CAR T cell therapies: development, current status and future prospects.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Regulatory T cells as a potential treatment for autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Review
- A single-cell multi-omics assay for simultaneous measurement of vector copy number and protein expression in CAR T cells.Molecular therapy. Advances · 2026Article
- Targeting GD2 with CAR-T Cell Therapy in Neuroblastoma: Updates, Challenges, and Future Perspectives.Current oncology reports · 2026Review
- Recapitulating the qualities of HIV-specific CD8 + T cells from spontaneous controllers.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2026Review
- Modulating AP-1 enables CAR T cells to establish an intratumoral stemlike reservoir and overcomes resistance to PD-1 blockade.Science immunology · 2026Article
- CD4-Based Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-T Cells With Resistance to HIV-1 Infection and Enhanced Anti-HIV Efficacy: Covalent Interaction Between CD4-CAR and HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein.Journal of medical virology · 2026Article
- Chimeric antigen receptor T‑cell therapy in chronic viral infections: a review.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Broadly neutralizing antibody-secreting CAR-T cells elicit Fc-mediated effector functionsFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Breakthrough for Anticancer Immunotherapy: Current Advances in Manufacturing Protocols of Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Based Therapies.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Genome-edited allogeneic CAR-T cells: the next generation of cancer immunotherapies.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2025Review
- CAR-T Cell Therapy for Autoimmune Kidney Diseases: Where Do We Stand Now?International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Chimeric Antigen Receptor Immunotherapy for Infectious Diseases: Current Advances and Future Perspectives.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Regulatory T cell therapy in autoimmune liver disease and transplantation.JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology · 2025Review
- CAR T-cell therapy in hematologic and solid malignancies: mechanisms, clinical applications, and future directions.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Review
306 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The success of adoptive T cell gene transfer for treatment of cancer and HIV is predicated on generating a response that is both durable and safe. We report long-term results from three clinical trials to evaluate gammaretroviral vector-engineered T cells for HIV. The vector encoded a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) composed of CD4 linked to the CD3ζ signaling chain (CD4ζ). CAR T cells were detected in 98% of samples tested for at least 11 years after infusion at frequencies that exceeded average T cell levels after most vaccine approaches. The CD4ζ transgene retained expression and function. There was no evidence of vector-induced immortalization of cells; integration site distributions showed no evidence of persistent clonal expansion or enrichment for integration sites near genes implicated in growth control or transformation. The CD4ζ T cells had stable levels of engraftment, with decay half-lives that exceeded 16 years, in marked contrast to previous trials testing engineered T cells. These findings indicate that host immunosuppression before T cell transfer is not required to achieve long-term persistence of gene-modified T cells. Further, our results emphasize the safety of T cells modified by retroviral gene transfer in clinical application, as measured in >500 patient-years of follow-up. Thus, previous safety issues with integrating viral vectors are hematopoietic stem cell or transgene intrinsic, and not a general feature of retroviral vectors. Engineered T cells are a promising form of synthetic biology for long-term delivery of protein-based therapeutics. These results provide a framework to guide the therapy of a wide spectrum of human diseases.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.