ReviewBritish journal of clinical pharmacology2013
Differences between opioids: pharmacological, experimental, clinical and economical perspectives.
Review in British journal of clinical pharmacology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05639712 (Understanding Opioid Use Before and After Surgery in Norway), which is not on this map. Cited by 79 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Understanding Opioid Use Before and After Surgery in Norway: A Prospective Multicenter Study and Randomized Double-blind Controlled Study
Who cites it
79 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 206 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pharmacokinetics of Opioid Infusions in the Adult Intensive Care Unit Setting-A Systematic Review.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Efficacy of commonly prescribed analgesics in the management of osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Rheumatology international · 2018Pooled it
- Influence of tapentadol and oxycodone on the spinal cord and brain using electrophysiology: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2022Trial
- Oxycodone versus morphine for analgesia after laparoscopic endometriosis resection.BMC anesthesiology · 2021Trial
- Fighting Fire with Fire: Development of Intranasal Nalmefene to Treat Synthetic Opioid Overdose.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2019Trial
- Drug-gene and drug-drug interactions associated with tramadol and codeine therapy in the INGENIOUS trial.Pharmacogenomics · 2019Trial
- Opioid prescribing for chronic musculoskeletal pain in UK primary care: results from a cohort analysis of the COPERS trial.BMJ open · 2018Trial
- Single-sweep spectral analysis of contact heat evoked potentials: a novel approach to identify altered cortical processing after morphine treatment.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2015Trial
- Morphine versus oxycodone analgesia after percutaneous kidney stone surgery: a randomised double blinded study.Urolithiasis · 2013Trial
- Cancer pain.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2026Review
- Morphine and methamphetamine trigger divergent post-transcriptional neuroimmune landscapes in the dorsal striatum.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Optimizing Opioid Use in Pain Management: A Comprehensive Review of Clinical Benefits, Risks, and Dependence.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Opioid dose, duration, and risk of use disorder in Medicaid patients with musculoskeletal pain.Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.) · 2026Article
- Analgesic and sedative drug dosing in critically ill patients with Acute Kidney Injury undergoing different modalities of Kidney Replacement Therapy.Journal of anesthesia, analgesia and critical care · 2025Review
- "Pain Prehabilitation" in Major Joint Surgery: The Way Forward to Improve Outcomes and Prevent Pain Chronicity.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Interconversion of the (+)-O-desmethyltramadol to the lowest-energy conformer when coupled to µ-opioid receptor: comprehensive analysis using in silico molecular modeling.Journal of computer-aided molecular design · 2025Article
- Article
- Buprenorphine Versus Methadone in Female New Zealand White Rabbits Undergoing Balanced Anaesthesia for Calvaria Surgery.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Comparative risk of severe constipation in patients treated with opioids for non-cancer pain: a retrospective cohort study in Northwest England.BMC medicine · 2025Article
19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Clinical studies comparing the response and side effects of various opioids have not been able to show robust differences between drugs. Hence, recommendations of the regulatory authorities have been driven by costs with a general tendency in many countries to restrict physician's use of opioids to morphine. Although this approach is recognized as cost-effective in most cases there is solid evidence that, on an individual patient basis, opioids are not all equal. Therefore it is important to have an armamentarium of strong analgesics in clinical practice to ensure a personalized approach in patients who do not respond to standard treatment. In this review we highlight differences between opioids in human studies from a pharmacological, experimental, clinical and health economics point of view. We provide evidence that individuals respond differently to opioids, and that general differences between classes of opioids exist. We recommend that this recognition is used to individualize treatment in difficult cases allowing physicians to have a wide range of treatment options. In the end this will reduce pain and side effects, leading to improved quality of life for the patient and reduce the exploding pain related costs.
Indexed as
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.