ReviewFrontiers in bioscience (Landmark edition)2012
B cell TLRs and induction of immunoglobulin class-switch DNA recombination.
Review in Frontiers in bioscience (Landmark edition), 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Sex Differences in Metabolite-Immune Circuits of Neuroinflammation.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Modulating Adjuvant Release Kinetics From Scaffold Vaccines to Tune Adaptive Immune Responses.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Article
- Immunoglobulin class-switch recombination: Mechanism, regulation, and related diseases.MedComm · 2024Review
- T cell independent antibody responses with class switch and memory using peptides anchored on liposomes.NPJ vaccines · 2024Article
- Monophosphoryl Lipid A-based Adjuvant to Promote the Immunogenicity of Multivalent Meningococcal Polysaccharide Conjugate Vaccines.ImmunoHorizons · 2024Article
- E6020, a TLR4 Agonist Adjuvant, Enhances Both Antibody Titers and Isotype Switching in Response to Immunization with Hapten-Protein Antigens and Is Diminished in Mice with TLR4 Signaling Insufficiency.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2022Article
- Article
- Article
- A Modular Biomaterial Scaffold-Based Vaccine Elicits Durable Adaptive Immunity to Subunit SARS-CoV-2 Antigens.Advanced healthcare materials · 2021Article
- Male Sex Bias in Immune Biomarkers for Tuberculosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- How the Signaling Crosstalk of B Cell Receptor (BCR) and Co-Receptors Regulates Antibody Class Switch Recombination: A New Perspective of Checkpoints of BCR Signaling.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Estrogen Reverses HDAC Inhibitor-Mediated Repression ofFrontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Signaling control of antibody isotype switching.Advances in immunology · 2019Review
- The Nod2 Agonist Muramyl Dipeptide Cooperates with the TLR4 Agonist Lipopolysaccharide to Enhance IgG2b Production in Mouse B Cells.Journal of immunology research · 2019Article
- Molecular regulation of peripheral B cells and their progeny in immunity.Genes & development · 2019Review
- TGFβ Superfamily Members as Regulators of B Cell Development and Function-Implications for Autoimmunity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Review
- Article
- Immunoglobulin gene analysis as a tool for investigating human immune responses.Immunological reviews · 2018Review
- Towards the Application of Human Defensins as Antivirals.Biomolecules & therapeutics · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of conserved pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Engagement of B cell TLRs by microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) induces T-independent (TI) antibody responses and plays an important role in the early stages of T-dependent (TD) antibody responses before specific T cell help becomes available. The role of B cell TLRs in the antibody response is magnified by the synergy of B cell receptor (BCR) crosslinking and TLR engagement in inducing immunoglobulin (Ig) class switch DNA recombination (CSR), which crucially diversifies the antibody biological effector functions. Dual BCR/TLR engagement induces CSR to all Ig isotypes, as directed by cytokines, while TLR engagement alone induces marginal CSR. Integration of BCR and TLR signaling results in activation of the canonical and non-canonical NF-κB pathways, induction of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) and germline transcription of IgH switch (S) regions. A critical role of B cell TLRs in CSR and the antibody response is emphasized by the emergence of several TLR ligands as integral components of vaccines that greatly boost humoral immunity in a B cell-intrinsic fashion.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.