ArticleBrain : a journal of neurology2012
Prefrontal deviations in function but not volume are putative endophenotypes for schizophrenia.
Article in Brain : a journal of neurology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Transdiagnostic Neurocognitive Endophenotypes for Schizophrenia, Bipolar I Disorder and a Broad Psychosis/Bipolar I Disorder Phenotype: A Mega-Analysis of Twin and Sibling Data.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Pooled it
- Heritability of Neuropsychological Measures in Schizophrenia and Nonpsychiatric Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2017Pooled it
- Associations of psychotic symptom dimensions with clinical and developmental variables in twin and general clinical samples.The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science · 2025Article
- Comparative Study on the Functional Connectivity of Amygdala and Hippocampal Neural Circuits in Patients With First-Episode Schizophrenia and Other High-Risk Populations.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Article
- Cortical Gyrification, Psychotic-Like Experiences, and Cognitive Performance in Nonclinical Subjects.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2020Article
- Perinatal complications and executive dysfunction in early-onset schizophrenia.BMC psychiatry · 2020Article
- Structural and Functional Neuroimaging of Polygenic Risk for Schizophrenia: A Recall-by-Genotype-Based Approach.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2019Article
- Polygenic risk score increases schizophrenia liability through cognition-relevant pathways.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2019Article
- The LONI QC System: A Semi-Automated, Web-Based and Freely-Available Environment for the Comprehensive Quality Control of Neuroimaging Data.Frontiers in neuroinformatics · 2019Article
- Diffusion MRI of white matter microstructure development in childhood and adolescence: Methods, challenges and progress.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2018Review
- Decreased Resting-State Interhemispheric Functional Connectivity Correlated with Neurocognitive Deficits in Drug-Naive First-Episode Adolescent-Onset Schizophrenia.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2018Article
- Global brain asymmetry is increased in schizophrenia and related to avolition.Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica · 2017Article
- Combination of volume and perfusion parameters reveals different types of grey matter changes in schizophrenia.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Familial and environmental influences on brain volumes in twins with schizophrenia.Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN · 2017Article
- The impact of quality assurance assessment on diffusion tensor imaging outcomes in a large-scale population-based cohort.NeuroImage · 2016Article
- Neurophysiological differences between patients clinically at high risk for schizophrenia and neurotypical controls--first steps in development of a biomarker.BMC medicine · 2015Article
- Reciprocal causation models of cognitive vs volumetric cerebral intermediate phenotypes for schizophrenia in a pan-European twin cohort.Molecular psychiatry · 2015Article
- Heritability of Autism Spectrum Disorder in a UK Population-Based Twin Sample.JAMA psychiatry · 2015Article
- Functional neuroimaging and schizophrenia: a view towards effective connectivity modeling and polygenic risk.Dialogues in clinical neuroscience · 2013Review
- Analysis of multiple phenotypes in genome-wide genetic mapping studies.BMC bioinformatics · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
This study sought to systematically investigate whether prefrontal cortex grey matter volume reductions are valid endophenotypes for schizophrenia, specifically investigating their presence in unaffected relatives, heritability, genetic overlap with the disorder itself and finally to contrast their performance on these criteria with putative neuropsychological indices of prefrontal functioning. We used a combined twin and family design and examined four prefrontal cortical regions of interest. Superior and inferior regions were significantly smaller in patients. However, the volumes of these same regions were normal in unaffected relatives and therefore, we could confirm that such deficits were not due to familial effects. Volumes of the prefrontal and orbital cortices were, however, moderately heritable, but neither shared a genetic overlap with schizophrenia. Total prefrontal cortical volume reductions shared a significant unique environmental overlap with the disorder, suggesting that the reductions were not familial. In contrast, prefrontal (executive) functioning deficits were present in the unaffected relatives, were moderately heritable and shared a substantial genetic overlap with liability to schizophrenia. These results suggest that the well recognized prefrontal volume reductions are not related to the same familial influences that increase schizophrenia liability and instead may be attributable to illness related biological changes or indeed confounded by illness trajectory, chronicity, medication or substance abuse, or in fact a combination of some or all of them.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.